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干旱是影响我国农业生产最严重的灾害之一。2009年初北方冬麦区出现了严重的气象干旱,但由于苗情基础好和底墒充足,以作物长势为标准的农业干旱大部地区较轻、仅局部较重。虽然河南、安徽两省抗旱保麦取得一定成效,但从整个北方冬麦区看,仍有不少经验教训值得总结和吸取。对干旱的认识与对策存在一系列误区,特别是混淆了气象干旱与农业干旱、冻害与干旱、突发型灾害与累积型灾害的区别,把抗旱简单等同于浇水,轻视农艺抗旱,一些媒体的过分炒作违背科学且不符实际。分析2009年北方小麦仍然获得丰收的原因时,指出少数麦田受旱受冻较重的根源在于播种质量差,并对今后如何提高科学抗旱水平提出了若干基本原则和具体建议。
Drought is one of the most serious disasters that affect our country’s agricultural production. In early 2009, there was a severe meteorological drought in the northern winter wheat area. However, due to good seedling conditions and sufficient soil moisture, most of the agricultural drought, which is based on crop growth, was light and only partially heavier. Although Henan and Anhui provinces achieved some success in fighting drought and protecting wheat, from the perspective of the entire northern winter wheat area, there are still many lessons to be learned and lessons learned. There are a series of misunderstandings about the drought, especially the confusion of the differences between meteorological drought and agricultural drought, frost damage and drought, sudden disaster and cumulative disaster. The simple drought-resistance equates to watering and despising agronomic drought. Some media Excessive speculation runs counter to science and is not realistic. When analyzing the reasons why wheat in northern China still had a good harvest in 2009, the author pointed out that the root cause of severe drought in a few wheat fields lies in the poor sowing quality and some basic principles and concrete suggestions on how to raise the level of scientific drought resistance in the future.