文学批评是文学研究三个层面之一,同文学理论、文学史共同构成文艺学。但长期以来它处于文学理论附庸的地位,即它好象只是运用文学理论来辨析各种文学现象,因而文学批评的学科地位也就显得不那么重要,其发展也不那么引人瞩目。本世纪以来,情况有了很大变化。正如美国新批评派文论家韦勒克所说:“十八、十九 Literary criticism is one of the three aspects of literary studies, which together with literary theory and literary history constitutes literary studies. However, it has long been in the position of a vassal of literature theory that it seems as if it is merely using literary theory to analyze various literary phenomena. Therefore, the academic status of literary criticism also becomes less important and its development less noticeable. Things have changed a great deal since this century. As the new criticism critic Weiluoke said: "Eighteen, nineteen