目的了解和掌握2011年北京市大兴区中小学校人群烟草使用的现状以及烟草使用相关认知和态度的现状;监测与青少年烟草使用和暴露相关的家庭、学校和社会环境、烟草促销与广告等因素,为控烟决策提供基础证据。方法按照多阶段整群抽样的原则,对辖区内小学、初中、高中、职高41个班级1 504名中小学生进行调查。结果共得学生有效问卷1 462份(97.21%),中小学生的尝试吸烟率为23.12%,现在吸烟率为9.85%,吸烟率为4.59%,过去7 d和30 d的被动吸烟率分别为45.62%和46.50%,男生高于女生,小学、初中、高中、职高递增,差异均有统计学意义。对吸烟和二手烟危害的认识率分别为84.56%和89.16%,女生高于男生,小学、初中、高中、职高递减,差异均有统计学意义。对朋友吸烟的态度1/2的学生选择劝阻,以女生和小学生最高,差异有统计学意义。对未来12个月和长大后自己吸烟的心理预期分别为12.28%和18.09%,男生高于女生,小学、初中、高中、职高递增,差异都有统计学意义。能够通过各种方式获得烟的同学占11.71%,其中以“自己买的”为主要途径,占各种方式获得烟的50.80%,卖烟人不因年龄小而不卖给学生烟,而使学生自己买烟成功的占12.74%,男生高于女生,小学、初中、高中、职高递增,差异均有统计学意义。结论学生烟草使用状况仍然严峻。多数学生对吸烟危害有正确认知;小学生吸烟相关知信行好于中学生,女生好于男生;烟草获得途径容易;家庭和学校不是无烟环境。应该加强烟草知识的宣传教育,培养学生良好的习惯,积极创造无烟学校和无烟家庭,对售烟人加强监督管理。 Objectives To understand and grasp the status of tobacco use in primary and secondary school population in Daxing District, Beijing in 2011 and the status quo of awareness and attitudes about tobacco use; monitor family, school and social environment and tobacco promotion and advertising related to youth tobacco use and exposure , To provide the basic evidence for tobacco control decisions. Methods According to the principle of multistage cluster sampling, 1 504 primary and secondary students from 41 classes of primary, middle school, high school and vocational high school in the area were investigated. Results A total of 1 462 valid questionnaires (97.21%) were obtained. The primary and secondary students’ smoking prevalence rate was 23.12%. The current smoking rate was 9.85% and the smoking rate was 4.59%. The passive smoking rates in the past 7 days and 30 days were respectively 45.62 % And 46.50% respectively. The male students are higher than the female students, primary school, middle school and high school, and their seniority increases. The differences are statistically significant. The awareness rate of smoking and secondhand smoke hazards were 84.56% and 89.16%, respectively, and girls’ scores were higher than those of boys, primary schools, middle schools and high schools. The differences were statistically significant. The attitude of friends smoking 1/2 students discouraged to choose, with girls and pupils highest, the difference was statistically significant. The psychological expectation of their own smoking in the next 12 months and growing up is 12.28% and 18.09% respectively. The boys are higher than the girls, primary schools, middle schools and high schools, and the differences are statistically significant. 11.71% of the students who could get the smoke through various ways, among which 50.80% of the cigarettes were obtained through “buying one s own way ”, and selling the smokers did not sell to the students because of their age. However, 12.74% of the students succeeded in buying cigarettes themselves. The boys were higher than the girls, primary schools, middle schools and senior high schools. The differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Students’ use of tobacco is still grim. The majority of students have a correct understanding of the hazards of smoking; primary school students know better than smoking secondary school students, girls are better than boys; easy access to tobacco; homes and schools are not smoke-free environment. Publicity and education on tobacco knowledge should be strengthened, students’ good habits should be cultivated, smoke-free schools and smoke-free families should be actively created, and supervision and management of tobacco salespeople should be strengthened.