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目的探讨公共场所室内空气中PM2.5的组成及对健康的危害。方法于2013年11月和12月,在广州中心城区选择部分公共场所:购物、住宿和餐饮各3家,采集室内空气PM2.5样本,分析样本中的12种金属元素(Pb、Mn、Al、Cd、Cr、Sb、As、Be、Hg、Ni、Se、Ti)、四种无机水溶性离子(NO3-、SO42-、NH4+和Cl-)和16种多环芳烃(PAHs)(萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、屈、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-c,d]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]艹北)。结果在所检测的3种组分中,无机水溶性离子在三类场所中的质量浓度最高,分别为43.84%、44.67%和60.81%;12种金属成分中,各类场所中Al、Pb、Mn、As、Cr的含量较高,其含量在9.38~339.50 ng/m3范围内,Be和Hg未检出(低于监测限),除餐饮场所的Al明显高于购物场所(P<0.05)外,其他11种金属成分在各场所差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);4种无机水溶性离子成分中,SO42-、NO3-、NH4+的质量浓度较高,浓度范围在1.27~63.70μg/m3;3类场所4种无机水溶性离子质量浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);16种多环芳烃成分中,Bb F、Flu、Ba P、Icd P、Bghi P、Chr的质量浓度较高,浓度范围在0.36~7.38 ng/m3。餐饮场所的16种多环芳烃明显高于购物和住宿场所(P<0.05)。蒽(Ant)在购物和住宿场所中未检出,芴(Fl)在住宿场所中未检出。结论 3种类型公共场所PM2.5的成分和质量浓度有所不同,餐饮场所的PM2.5中金属元素和多环芳烃类有机成分污染水平较高,对健康的危害应引起重视。
Objective To investigate the composition of PM2.5 in indoor air of public places and its health hazards. Methods In November and December 2013, three public places were selected in the downtown area of Guangzhou: shopping, accommodation and catering. PM2.5 samples of indoor air were collected, and the contents of 12 metal elements (Pb, Mn, Al , Four kinds of inorganic water-soluble ions (NO3-, SO42-, NH4 + and Cl-) and 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (naphthalene, Benzo [a] anthracene, benzo [b] fluoranthene, benzo [k] fluoranthene, benzo [a] pyrene, [1,2,3-c, d] pyrene, dibenzo [a, h] anthracene, benzo [g, h, i] azulene). Results Among the three components tested, the concentration of inorganic water-soluble ions was the highest in three types of places, which were 43.84%, 44.67% and 60.81% respectively. Among the 12 kinds of metals, the contents of Al, Pb, The contents of Mn, As and Cr were higher in the range of 9.38-399.50 ng / m3, while Be and Hg were not detected (lower than the monitoring limit), except Al in the dining venues was significantly higher than that in the shopping venues (P <0.05) (P> 0.05). The concentrations of SO42-, NO3- and NH4 + in the four kinds of inorganic water-soluble ions were higher in the range of 1.27 ~ 63.70μg / m3. There was no significant difference in the concentration of four inorganic water-soluble ions in three kinds of sites (P> 0.05). Among 16 PAHs, the mass of Bb F, Flu, Ba P, Icd P, Bghi P and Chr Higher concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 7.38 ng / m3. 16 kinds of PAHs in food and beverage outlets were significantly higher than those in shopping and accommodation (P <0.05). Anthracene (Ant) was not detected at shopping and accommodation, and fluorene (Fl) was not detected at accommodation. Conclusion The composition and mass concentration of PM2.5 in three types of public places are different. The pollution level of metal elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in catering establishments is high, and the harm to health should be taken seriously.