有清一代,行省最高权力中心督抚衙门的行政运作和结构演变,经历了从私人性质的非正式组织,至正规行政体制建构的重要转变,其过程至少应分为幕府、文案处和幕职三个阶段。其间文案委员和文案处的出现与发展,经历了道咸同光四朝,显示了清季督抚权力上升,中央控制力下移的趋势。这一变化过程表明,清末政制的转型,决非单纯移植西方制度,而是社会变动与实际需求内在潜因促动下,逐渐突破旧有规制束缚,部分借鉴原有体制中的其他形式,以表达新的政治诉求,不断导致职能转变与内容更新的结果。 There is a generation of Qing Dynasty, the supreme power center Governor Yamen provincial administrative operation and structural evolution, experienced from the private nature of informal organizations, to the important administrative system of the important changes, the process should be divided into at least the shogunate, three phases. In the meantime, the emergence and development of the copywriters and copy offices have undergone four periods: the rise of governors’ power in the Qing Dynasty and the downward trend of central control. This process of change shows that in the late Qing Dynasty, the transition to the political system was by no means a mere transplanting of the Western system. Instead, it was driven by the inherent latent causes of social changes and actual needs and gradually broke through the shackles of old regulations and partially borrowed from other forms of the original system. In order to express the new political appeal, continue to lead the function to change and renew the result of the content.