论文部分内容阅读
为探究不同营养类型养殖方式对半封闭海湾浮游生态系统的影响,于2015年在象山港的鱼类网箱养殖、牡蛎筏式养殖和海带筏式养殖3种养殖区内外分别进行大、中型和中、小型浮游动物群落及相关环境因子的四季研究。结果显示,牡蛎养殖区内大、中型浮游动物群落结构变化明显,夏、秋季优势种太平洋纺锤水蚤的优势度下降,冬季优势种腹针胸刺水蚤的优势度上升;网箱养殖区内浮游动物群落变化不明显,变化主要为大、中型浮游动物优势种,春、冬季腹针胸刺水蚤的优势度下降,秋季优势种种类组成变化明显;海带养殖区内浮游动物群落和优势种变化均不明显。此外,3种养殖方式对浮游动物的生物量、丰度和α多样性均未产生明显影响。结合象山港的水文特征和养殖区内外的环境因子,研究表明,牡蛎养殖区浮游动物群落变化是牡蛎滤食行为和铁港水交换能力差的综合结果,而浮游动物优势种变化可能与水体总磷含量较高有关;因目前网箱养殖规模小且西沪港水动力条件较好,网箱区内局部环境和浮游动物的变化较小;海带养殖因面积小且仅春、冬季养殖,不足以对水质和浮游动物产生影响。此外,本研究显示不同环境中,大、中型浮游动物群落结构的变异较中、小型浮游动物明显,这可能与中、小型浮游动物群落的稳定性较高有关。
In order to explore the impact of different types of nutrition on the semi-closed planktonic ecosystem, three large and medium-sized and medium-sized aquaculture farms were set up in Xiangshan Harbor in 2015. The three types of aquaculture, including fish cage culture, oyster raft culture and kelp raft culture, Four Seasons Study of Medium and Small Zooplankton Community and Related Environmental Factors. The results showed that the structure of large and medium-sized zooplankton community in oyster culture area changed obviously. The dominance of Daphnia magna was decreased in summer and autumn. The dominance of Daphnia magna The change of zooplankton community was not obvious. The change was mainly dominated by large and medium zooplankton. The dominance of Daphnia magna was decreased in spring and winter, and the composition of dominant species in autumn was significantly changed. The zooplankton community and dominant species Changes are not obvious. In addition, no significant effect on biomass, abundance and a diversity of zooplankton was observed in the three culture methods. Based on the hydrological characteristics of Xiangshan Harbor and the environmental factors both inside and outside the aquaculture zone, the study shows that the change of zooplankton community in the oyster culture zone is the result of poor filtration performance of the oyster and the exchange capacity between the port and harbor, while the change of the dominant zooplankton species may be related to the total water body Due to the current small size of cage culture and the good hydrodynamic conditions of West Shanghai Harbor, the change of local environment and zooplankton in the cage area is small. Because of the small area and only spring and winter breeding, Impact on water quality and zooplankton. In addition, the study shows that the variation of community structure of large and medium-sized zooplankton in different environments is more obvious than that of middle-sized and small-sized zooplankton, which may be related to the stability of middle-sized and small-sized zooplankton community.