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以三种主要粮食作物(水稻、小麦、玉米)为材料,设置常规灌溉(对照)和节水灌溉处理(水稻全生育期轻干湿交替灌溉技术、小麦控制土壤干旱灌溉技术、玉米控制低限土壤水分的分区交替灌溉技术),研究了节水灌溉技术对三种粮食作物产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,节水灌溉技术的产量增加了8.56%~9.23%,水分利用效率提高了25.00%~31.43%。节水灌溉技术显著降低了三种粮食作物叶片的蒸腾速率和着生角度,显著增加了弱势粒中脱落酸(ABA)与赤霉素(GA_3)的比值(ABA/GA_3)、茎中蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和子粒中蔗糖合酶(SuS)活性、平均灌浆速率、茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的运转率以及收获指数,显著提高了水稻和小麦的分蘖成穗率。表明减少奢侈的蒸腾和无效分蘖冗余生长、改善冠层结构、促进物质运转和子粒库活性、提高收获指数是节水灌溉技术协同提高产量和水分利用效率的重要原因。
The three main food crops (rice, wheat and maize) were set as conventional irrigation (controlled) and water-saving irrigation (light dry-wet alternating irrigation during the whole growth period of rice, dry soil irrigation by wheat, low control of corn Soil moisture partition alternate irrigation technology), studied the effect of water-saving irrigation technology on the yield and water use efficiency of three kinds of food crops. The results showed that compared with the control, the water-saving irrigation technology increased yield by 8.56% -9.23% and water use efficiency by 25.00% -31.43%. The water saving irrigation technology significantly reduced the transpiration rate and the emergence angle of three kinds of food crops leaves, significantly increased the ratio of abscisic acid (ABA) to gibberellin (GA_3) in inferior grains (ABA / GA_3) The activity of sucrose synthase (SuS), average filling rate, running rate of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in stem and sheath, and harvest index of synthase (SPS) and grain, significantly increased the tillering efficiency of rice and wheat. This suggests that reducing redundant redundant transpiration and inefficient tillers growth, improving canopy structure, promoting plant turnover and grain bank activity, and increasing harvest index are important reasons for water-saving irrigation technology to improve yield and water use efficiency.