紫杉醇是重要的抗癌药物之一,已经证明其对多种癌症具有显著疗效。目前,人们主要是从红豆杉的树皮中提取、分离和纯化紫杉醇,但由于红豆杉为生长缓慢、散生、濒危的珍稀植物,且随着紫杉醇临床用途的不断拓宽,市场需求的稳定增长,单纯依靠从红豆杉树皮中提取紫杉醇已经无法满足日益增长的市场需求。为了解决紫杉醇的药源不足,科学家已把目光从红豆杉树分离提取紫杉醇转向了其他替代方法,如化学全合成、半合成、组织培养与细胞培养、微生物发酵法生产紫杉醇等。因此,了解内生真菌紫杉醇生物合成的分子基础和遗传调控机制,对解析内生真菌紫杉醇生物合成机制、构建高产紫杉醇基因工程菌株和早日实现内生真菌紫杉醇工业化生产具有重要的科学意义和现实意义。结合本课题组多年来的科研工作,概述了红豆杉细胞紫杉醇生物合成途径、内生真菌发酵生产紫杉醇的优势、产紫杉醇内生菌的分离研究现状和生物多样性及紫杉醇生物合成相关基因的研究现状。内生真菌生物发酵合成紫杉醇是可以无限生产、大量获取紫杉醇、解决紫杉醇药源短缺问题的很有前景的方法之一。 Paclitaxel is one of the important anti-cancer drugs, which has been shown to have a significant effect on various cancers. At present, people mainly extract, isolate and purify paclitaxel from the bark of the yew, but because the yew is a slowly growing, loosely endangered and rare plant, and with the continuous widening of the clinical use of paclitaxel, the market demand is steadily increasing , Simply relying on taxol from Taxus bark has been unable to meet the growing market demand. In order to solve the problem of insufficient source of paclitaxel, scientists have turned their attention to the isolation and extraction of paclitaxel from the yew tree to other alternative methods, such as chemical full synthesis, semi-synthesis, tissue culture and cell culture, and microbial fermentation to produce paclitaxel. Therefore, to understand the molecular basis of endophytic taxol biosynthesis and genetic regulation mechanism is of great scientific and practical significance for the analysis of paclitaxel biosynthesis mechanism of endophytic fungi, construction of genetically engineered strains of high-yield paclitaxel and industrialization of endophytic taxol as soon as possible . Combined with our research work over the years, this paper summarized the taxol biosynthesis pathway, the advantages of endophytic fungi fermentation of paclitaxel, the status quo and biological diversity of taxol endophytic bacteria and the related genes of taxol biosynthesis status quo. Endophytic Fungi Bio-fermentation Synthesis of paclitaxel is one of the promising methods for the unlimited production of paclitaxel and for the solution of the shortage of paclitaxel.