从空间实验室雷达测高仪开始的３０年间，以卫星为基础的测高学，为地球和其他行星测绘提供了强有力的工具。为全面利用轨道测高仪，不仅在发射前，而且在测高仪位于轨道上后，必须标定某些参数。经过多年，已研究出雷达测高仪在轨标定技术。利用地球轨道卫星的激光测高学，开始于１９９６年使用航天飞机激光测高仪。虽然激光测高学提供了难得的机会，现在仍需要在轨标定技术。这些技术仍在革新，包括利用海洋上空按计划指定的演习和波形分析多轨数据型的集成。本文描述了对几种任务的在轨标定技术，包括至今已发射的和不久将发射的激光测高仪任务。 In the 30 years since the Spacelab Radar Altimeter, satellite-based altimetry has provided powerful tools for mapping the Earth and other planets. To make full use of the orbital altimeter, certain parameters must be calibrated, not only before launch, but also after the altimeter is in orbit. After many years, radar calibration technology has been developed in orbit. Laser altimetry using Earth orbiting satellites began in 1996 with the use of the space shuttle laser altimeters. Although laser altimetry offers a rare opportunity, on-orbit calibration techniques are still needed. These technologies are still evolving, including the use of planned maneuvers over the oceans and the integration of waveform analysis multitrack data types. This article describes in-orbit calibration techniques for several missions, including the task of a laser altimeter that has hitherto been launched and that will soon be launched.