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生物节律是生物体长期进化过程中形成的周期性生理活动规律。麻醉与围术期医学是在人体生理活动规律的基础上，通过生命体征监测及麻醉药物调控的一门科学。随着对生物节律特别是昼夜节律分子调控机制研究的深入，以及相关临床研究的开展，越来越多的证据表明昼夜节律在麻醉与围术期医学中发挥重要作用。本文将归纳昼夜节律相关调控机制，分析昼夜节律在麻醉与围术期医学中的作用，并展望未来麻醉与围术期生物节律医学研究的方向。明确生物节律在麻醉与围术期医学中的作用，将为临床提供新的治疗模式，有望在麻醉与围术期医学精准化中发挥重要作用。“,”Biorhythm is the periodic physiological activity pattern developed along the long-term evolution of organisms.Anesthesia and perioperative medicine is the science based on the regular pattern of human physiological processes demonstrated by physiological signs that could be monitored and manipulated by anesthetics.With the advancement in researches on molecular mechanisms of biorhythms, especially circadian rhythms, as well as the development of related clinical studies, mounting evidence indicates that circadian rhythms play a critical role in anesthesia and perioperative medicine.In this review we summarized the regulation mechanisms of circadian rhythms and analyzed the roles of circadian rhythms in anesthesia and perioperative medicine, meanwhile we gave our prospect on future research concerning biorhythm in anesthesia and perioperative medicine.Clarifying the role of biorhythm in anesthesia and perioperative medicine will provide a novel strategy for clinical treatment and practice, which is expected to contribute to precisive anesthesia and perioperative medicine.