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[目的]采用单因子评价法及综合指数法评价济宁市农村小型集中式供水水质状况。[方法]抽取济宁市6个市(县)区,每个市(县)区按20:1抽取,共109个农村小型集中式给水点,其中93个为深井,16个为浅井。分别于枯水期(2008年4~5月)、丰水期(2008年7~8月)各采样一次(出厂水、末梢水各一份)进行水质检测,检测结果分别采用单因子评价法、综合指数法(改进的尼梅罗指数法)进行综合评价。[结果]单因子评价:6个市(县)区水质超标的指标主要为总硬度、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、菌落总数、总大肠菌群;综合指数法:除嘉祥县水质综合评价指数为0.50(属于Ⅱ类水)外,其余5个市(县)区水质综合评价指数均低于0.45(属于Ⅰ类水)。[结论]单因子评价法结合改进的尼梅罗指数法能够较客观地反映济宁市农村小型集中式供水水质的卫生状况。
[Objective] To evaluate the status of small-scale centralized water supply in rural Jining using single factor evaluation and comprehensive index method. [Method] The 6 cities (counties) districts in Jining City were drawn, and 20 (1: 1) was taken in each city (county) area. A total of 109 rural small centralized water supply points were selected, of which 93 were deep wells and 16 were shallow wells. The water quality was tested in dry season (April-May, 2008) and wet season (July-August, 2008) respectively. The results of water quality test were respectively tested by single-factor evaluation method, comprehensive Index method (improved Niemeroe index method) to conduct a comprehensive evaluation. [Results] Single-factor evaluation: The indicators of water quality in 6 cities (counties) were mainly total hardness, sulfate, nitrate, total colony and total coliforms. The comprehensive index method except Jiaxiang County water quality comprehensive evaluation index was 0.50 (Belonging to type II water), the other five cities (counties) comprehensive evaluation index of water quality are lower than 0.45 (belonging to type I water). [Conclusion] The single factor evaluation combined with the improved Niemeroe index method can more objectively reflect the health status of small centralized water quality in rural Jining.