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目的了解医学生自杀意念发生情况,探讨心理健康状况、负性生活事件、社会支持等因素对其影响,为大学生自杀预测及预防提供依据。方法利用青少年生活事件量表、社会支持评定量表、症状自评量表及一般情况问卷,对沈阳某医学院大一至大三年级992名在校医学生进行问卷调查。结果医学生自杀意念发生率为7.1%;有无自杀意念医学生负性生活事件总分分别为(45.62±11.71)和(38.27±9.08)分,差异有统计学意义(t=4.754,P=0.000);有自杀意念者在人际关系因子、学习压力因子、受惩罚因子、健康适应因子的得分均高于无自杀意念者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);自杀意念组主观支持得分(19.24±3.57)分,支持利用度得分(6.78±1.72)分,支持总分(32.85±5.71)分,均低于无自杀意念组的(20.54±3.65)、(7.71±1.86)、(36.27±5.77)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);症状自评量表调查结果显示,有自杀意念医学生的躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病各因子分均高于无自杀意念的医学生,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。结论自杀意念在医学生中有一定的发生率,社会、心理因素对医学生自杀意念的产生有重要影响。
Objective To understand the occurrence of suicidal ideation among medical students and to explore the influence of mental health status, negative life events and social support on the suicidal ideation of medical students so as to provide basis for their prediction and prevention. Methods A total of 992 undergraduate medical students from a freshman to a third grade in Shenyang Medical College were surveyed using the questionnaire of adolescent life event scale, social support rating scale, symptom checklist and general questionnaire. Results The incidence of suicidal ideation among medical students was 7.1%. The total score of negative life events of medical students with and without suicide ideation was (45.62 ± 11.71) and (38.27 ± 9.08) respectively, with significant difference (t = 4.754, P = 0.000). The scores of interpersonal factors, stress factors, punishing factors and fitness factors in suicidal ideation were all higher than those without suicidal ideation (all P <0.01) (19.24 ± 3.57) points, supportive utilization score (6.78 ± 1.72) points and supportive score (32.85 ± 5.71) points, which were all lower than those in suicide-free group (20.54 ± 3.65) and (7.71 ± 1.86) (36.27 ± 5.77) points, the difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05); symptom self-rating scale survey results show that the suicide ideation of medical students somatization, coercion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, horror , Paranoid and psychiatric factors were higher than those without suicidal ideation, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusion Suicidal ideation has a certain incidence in medical students, social and psychological factors have an important influence on the students’ suicidal ideation.