目的了解防城港核电站周围居民对核电的认知和态度,探讨影响居民对核电认知和态度的因素,为采取相应干预和宣传措施提供科学依据。方法在防城港核电站周围30 km内不同距离区域,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取调查人群进行问卷调查,采用Epi Data软件进行数据录入及整理,并利用SPSS16.0软件对数据进行描述性统计分析。结果共调查2 003人,认可核电站是安全的受访者仅占23.7%。不担心核电站发生事故的受访者为10.8%,而担心核电站发生严重事故的受访者高达61.4%。支持国家增加建设核电站的受访者仅占23.7%,支持当地建核电站的受访者也仅占20.2%。42.0%的受访者希望通过电视获得相关信息,受访者最相信的人群是大学和研究机构的专家(56.9%)。结论防城港核电站周围居民对核电的安全性认知度不高,多持反对建设核电站的态度,应有针对性地对周围居民开展核电知识的宣传教育活动。 Objective To understand the residents ’perceptions and attitudes toward nuclear power around Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Station and to explore the factors influencing residents’ cognition and attitudes toward nuclear power so as to provide a scientific basis for the corresponding interventions and propaganda measures. Methods In different distances within 30 km around the Fangchenggang NPP, questionnaires were drawn by stratified cluster random sampling method, data were collected and sorted by Epi Data software, and the data were descriptively analyzed by using SPSS16.0 software analysis. As a result, a total of 2 003 people were surveyed, only 23.7% of respondents agreeing that nuclear power plants are safe. Respondents who did not worry about accidents at the nuclear power plant were 10.8%, while those who were concerned about serious accidents at the nuclear power plant were as high as 61.4%. Only 23.7% of the respondents supported the state’s plan to increase the construction of nuclear power stations and only 20.2% of the respondents supported the local construction of nuclear power stations. 42.0% of respondents would like to receive the relevant information via TV. The most trusted people of respondents are experts from universities and research institutes (56.9%). Conclusion Residents around Fangchenggang Nuclear Power Station have a low awareness of the safety of nuclear power and repeatedly hold an attitude opposed to the construction of nuclear power plants. Propaganda and education activities on knowledge of nuclear power should be targeted to surrounding residents.