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太阳是一个巨大的能源,但又是一个非常分散的低级能源。每平方米的采光面上平均只有1千瓦的能量,并且太阳的辐射量还随时间、地点、天气的变化而变化。在冬天和夜晚,人们需要能量较大的时候,太阳辐射量却很低或没有。太阳能的这种分散性和间断性,给利用工作带来极大困难,目前绝大多数太阳能利用设备都只能在晴天使用。现有设备的转换效率也很低,一般的光热转换只在30～40％;光电转换效率就更低,大部份太阳能电池的效率只在8～10％左右。这就更使目前的太阳能利用设备非常庞大,造价昂贵,不仅第三世界国家的人民用不起,就是工业技术先进的国家也远不能和常规能源相竞争。当前推广应用的
The sun is a huge energy source, but it is also a very decentralized low-level energy source. There is an average of 1 kilowatt per square meter of lighting, and the amount of solar radiation varies with time, place, and weather. In winter and night when people need more energy, the amount of solar radiation is very low or not. This dispersivity and interruption of solar energy has brought great difficulties to utilization. At present, most solar energy utilization equipment can only be used on sunny days. The conversion efficiency of the existing equipment is also very low, the general light-to-heat conversion is only 30 to 40%; the photoelectric conversion efficiency is even lower, and the efficiency of most solar cells is only about 8 to 10%. This makes the current use of solar energy equipment very large and expensive, not only the third world countries people can not afford, that is, advanced industrial technology countries can not compete with conventional energy sources. Currently applied