在复杂地质条件下地下洞室的开挖中,尽管有很好的开挖支护方法,塌方也很难避免.小浪底导流洞工程在开挖过程中共出现塌方16次,其中较大规模的塌方3次(#F,#S和#E),施工过程中采用了常规喷锚支护法、全断面钢支撑一次支护结合顶部回填混凝土法和“眼镜法”三种塌方处理方法.“眼镜法”即先开挖支护洞断面两侧的导洞,形似眼镜,然后开挖支护中上部,最后开挖并拆除中下部的碴体和支护.实践证明这些处理方法是行之有效的. In the excavation of underground caverns in complex geological conditions, landslip is difficult to avoid even though there is a good method of excavation and support.A total of 16 landslides occurred during the excavation of the Xiaolangdi Diversion Tunnel, Collapse 3 times (# F, # S and #E), the construction process using the conventional spray anchor support method, the whole section of steel support a support and top of the backfill concrete method and the “glasses method” three kinds of landslide treatment. Act "is to excavate the pilot tunnel on both sides of the supporting tunnel section, which looks like glasses, and then excavation and support in the upper part of the excavation and demolition of the middle and lower part of the ballast body and support. Practice has proved that these treatments are effective of.