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目的 了解农村社区高血压人群钠盐摄入水平及限盐行为的影响因素。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,选取临海市小芝镇2个农村社区的200名高血压患者和高危人群,开展为期一年的限盐行为干预,并在干预前后分别进行基线和终末调查,内容包括钠盐与高血压病知识、3d氯化钠(NaCl)摄入量调查和尿钠检测等;分析限盐行为与NaCl摄入量的相关性;采用多因素Logistic回归分析限盐行为的影响因素。结果 173名调查对象在终末调查时每日NaCl摄入量的中位数(四分位数间距)为6.72(5.18)g,主要来源为食盐4.74(3.36)g/d和酱油0.04(0.63)g/d;每日尿钠排出量为90.10(62.28)mmol/24h。拥有限盐勺152人(87.86%),正在使用108人(71.05%),能正确使用53人(49.07%);限盐勺使用频率与NaCl摄入量,及正确使用限盐勺与24h尿钠排出量均呈负相关(P<0.05);家庭年均收入水平高(OR=2.75,95%CI:1.16~6.53)、知晓每人每日6g盐(OR=5.43,95%CI:1.22~24.07)、经常进食蔬菜(OR=9.35,95%CI:1.17~75.01)和主动采取控盐措施(OR=5.05,95%CI:1.19~21.45)的居民更倾向于使用限盐勺,饮酒(OR=0.13,95%CI:0.02~0.84)的居民不倾向于使用限盐勺。结论 应针对NaCl摄入量高且不采取限盐行为的农村社区高血压人群开展钠盐知识健康教育,进一步推广限盐支持性工具的使用。
Objective To understand the factors influencing sodium intake and salt-limiting behavior of hypertension in rural community. Methods A randomized cluster sampling method was used to select 200 hypertensive patients and high-risk groups from 2 rural communities in Xiaozhi Town, Linhai City to carry out a one-year limited salt behavior intervention. Baseline and terminal surveys were conducted before and after intervention. The contents include the knowledge of sodium and hypertension, the investigation of sodium chloride (NaCl) intake and urinary sodium detection; the correlation between salt-limiting behavior and NaCl intake; the analysis of salt-limiting behavior by multivariate Logistic regression Influencing factors. Results The median of daily intakes (interquartile range) of 173 subjects at the final survey was 6.72 (5.18) g and the main sources were salt 4.74 (3.36) g / d and soy sauce 0.04 (0.63 ) g / d; daily urinary sodium excretion was 90.10 (62.28) mmol / 24h. There are 152 persons (87.86%) with limited salt spoons, 108 persons (71.05%) are in use, and 53 people (49.07%) are able to use them properly. The frequency and salt intake of salt restriction and the correct use of salt- (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.16-6.53), 6g salt per person per day (OR = 5.43, 95% CI: 1.22 ~ 24.07). Residents who regularly consume vegetables (OR = 9.35, 95% CI: 1.17-75.01) and took active measures to control salt (OR = 5.05, 95% CI: 1.19-21.45) tended to use salt- (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02-0.84) residents do not tend to use salt scoops. Conclusions Health education should be conducted on the knowledge of sodium salt for rural hypertensive population with high intake of NaCl and no salt-limiting behavior to further promote the use of salt-tolerant support tools.