近十年来对尿石病形成的病因进行了深入研究,根据病因分为二类:1) 形态及尿液动力学的病因,2) 尿液成分的改变。儿童尿石病原则上同成人尿石病无明显差别,但个别因素对儿童尿石病具有特殊意义,如反复尿道感染和泌尿道畸形。但仍有20—40％的尿石病其病因尚不能确定。儿童尿石病的发病率在西方国家占患尿石病总人数的3—5％,而在发展中国家约占30％。男女之间无明显差异。学龄儿童约占儿童尿石病的半数。以往 The causes of urolithiasis have been studied in the last ten years and divided into two categories according to cause: 1) the etiology of morphology and urodynamics, and 2) the change of urinary composition. In principle, urolithiasis in children with adult urolithiasis no significant difference, but individual factors have a special significance in children with urolithiasis, such as recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary tract malformations. However, there are still 20-40% of urolithiasis its etiology is still not sure. The incidence of urolithiasis in children accounts for 3-5% of the total number of urolithiasis in western countries, and about 30% in developing countries. No significant difference between men and women. School-age children account for about half of childhood urolithiasis. in the past