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2007-2011年间通过对洞庭湖湿地大面积实地踏察,对外来植物的种类、分布、来源、生活型、入侵生境、引入途径以及危害程度进行了统计分析。研究表明,该湿地有外来入侵植物19科34属43种,以菊科和苋科植物最常见,分别有7种和6种。危害较大的有美洲杨树(Populus deltoides)、意大利杨(Populus euramevicana)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、野胡萝卜(Daucus carota)、积雪草(Centella asiatica)、凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)、垂序商陆(Phytolacca Americana)、五叶地锦(PhytolaccaAmericana)和大薸(Pistia stratiotes)等。外来入侵植物以草本植物为主,占总数的86%。入侵种主要分布于防洪大堤及路边,占总数的62.8%。外来入侵种主要来源于美洲,占55.8%。入侵途径主要是通过人类有意(48.8%)或无意引入(37.2%)。
From 2007 to 2011, the species, distribution, source, life style, invasion habitat, route of introduction and hazard degree of exotic plants were analyzed statistically through large-scale field survey of Dongting Lake wetlands. Studies have shown that alien invasive plants in this wetland belong to 19 families, 34 genera and 43 species, of which Compositae and Amaranthus are the most common, with 7 species and 6 species respectively. Populus deltoides, Populus euramevicana, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Daucus carota, Centella asiatica, Eichhornia crassipes, Phytolacca Americana, Phytolacca America, Pistia stratiotes, and the like. Invasive plants to herbaceous plants, accounting for 86% of the total. Invasive species are mainly distributed in flood control embankments and roadsides, accounting for 62.8% of the total. Invasive alien species mainly come from the Americas, accounting for 55.8%. Pathways of invasion were mainly intentional (48.8%) or unintentionally introduced (37.2%) by humans.