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运用有限元方法,对大型客车车身薄板结构焊接时采用的电铆焊、连续焊、断续焊及塞焊的残余应力进行了热-弹塑性数值模拟。分析了连续焊缝、电铆焊和塞焊残余应力分布特点。结果表明,电铆焊、塞焊、断续焊所产生的应力场为波浪起伏的不均匀拉应力,不会造成薄板结构的失稳变形。而连续焊时焊缝区域为拉应力,远离焊缝区域为压应力,此压应力造成薄板结构的失稳变形。模拟结果为薄板结构焊后失稳变形的评判提供了理论参考。
The finite element method is used to simulate the residual stress of electric welding, continuous welding, intermittent welding and plugging welding of the thin-plate bus-bar structure for large bus body. The characteristics of residual stress distribution in continuous welding seam, welding and welding are analyzed. The results show that the stress field caused by electric welding, plug welding and intermittent welding is the non-uniform tensile stress of wave undulation, which will not cause the instability deformation of the thin plate structure. The continuous weld zone when the weld zone tensile stress, away from the weld area for the compressive stress, the compressive stress caused by the instability of sheet metal deformation. The simulation results provide a theoretical reference for the evaluation of the instability of sheet metal after welding.