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在当今科学技术的发展中,低温技术常常起着关键的作用。例如,低温可大大降低热噪声、降低电子器件的损耗和提高集成度。这有利于对微弱信号的探测、高速传递和处理,因而直接关连信息技术和微电子学技术的发展。低温与超导技术的发展有着更密切的关系。空间科学的发展也离不开低温。因宇宙空间是一个深低温(～3K)和高真空的环境,所以,在地面进行空间模拟就需要低温技术。另外,许多科学实验都要在低温下才能进行。本文介绍当今获取最低温度的制冷方法——绝热去磁制冷技术的原理。
In today’s science and technology, low-temperature technology often plays a key role. For example, low temperature can greatly reduce thermal noise, reduce the loss of electronic devices and improve the integration. This is conducive to the detection of weak signals, high-speed transmission and processing, and thus directly related to the development of information technology and microelectronics technology. Low temperature and superconducting technology has a closer relationship. The development of space science can not be separated from low temperatures. Because cosmic space is a cryogenic (~ 3K) and high-vacuum environment, cryogenic techniques are required to perform spatial simulations on the ground. In addition, many scientific experiments should be carried out at low temperatures. This article describes the principle of adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration technology, which is the method of obtaining the lowest temperature today.