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兴奋剂不一定让人“兴奋”查禁兴奋剂要依照国际奥委会(IOC)制定的纲要和检查方法执行。它规定的违禁药物有300多种,通常被分为6类:刺激性:一般在爆发力项目中使用,如短跑、跨栏等。此类药物通过对神经系统的作用,增强人的体力与灵敏度。其副作用会导致过度兴奋,可能造成脑溢血及心脏病发作。如苯丙胺、可卡因和咖啡因等。阻断剂:降低心率,使脉搏更为平稳,起镇静作用,多用在射击、射箭、滑冰项目中。田径运动员不慎服用,将产生虚弱、脱水现象而降低成绩。利尿剂:一般在拳击、体操等限制体重的项目中使用。此类药物能稀释尿液,“清洗”血液中微量违禁物,及临时减轻体重。麻醉品及镇痛剂:能产生痛快感及心理亢奋,降低痛感,使运动员感觉不到受伤情况而继续参赛,可造成更严重的伤害。这类药物常会成瘾。合成蛋白类固醇:一般在投掷、举重、健美等项目中使用。此类药物增强运动员的肌肉和肌肉力量,但会严重干扰运动员的自然激素平衡。缩氨酸荷尔蒙激素:使用类固醇的运动员均可用此类药,这是胎盘产生的一种天然合成代谢物。青春期前服用可导致变态生长,青春期后服用可引起糖尿病、颌骨隆起、手脚耳鼻过大。
Stimulants do not necessarily make people “excited.” Stimulants are banned in accordance with the outline and inspection methods set by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It prescribes more than 300 types of prohibited drugs and is generally classified into six categories: Irritation: Generally used in explosive events such as sprinting, hurdling and the like. Such drugs through the role of the nervous system, enhance human physical strength and sensitivity. Side effects can cause over-excitement, which can lead to stroke and heart attack. Such as amphetamines, cocaine and caffeine. Blockers: lower heart rate, the pulse is more stable, play a sedative effect, used in shooting, archery, skating in the project. Track and field athletes taking carelessly, will produce weakness, dehydration and reduce the performance. Diuretics: Generally used in boxing, gymnastics and other weight-limiting projects. Such drugs can dilute urine, “clean” the blood of small amounts of prohibited substances, and temporary weight loss. Narcotics and analgesics: can produce painful pleasure and psychological excitement, reduce pain, so that athletes feel no injuries and continue to compete, can cause more serious injuries. Such drugs are often addictive. Synthetic protein steroids: Generally used in throwing, weight lifting, bodybuilding and other projects. Such drugs enhance the athlete’s muscle and muscle strength, but can seriously interfere with the athlete’s natural hormone balance. Peptide Hormone Hormones: Steroids are available to athletes who use the drug, which is produced by the placenta, a natural synthetic metabolite. Pre-puberty can lead to abnormal growth, after taking puberty can cause diabetes, jaw swelling, hands and feet too large.