传统大型航空集团打造低成本航空子品牌大体上可以分为两大流派。第一种是防御型。大型航空集团往往是在受低成本航空公司冲击、收益下滑的情况下被迫迎战,通过成立低成本航空子品牌力求“以其人之道还治其人之身”。例如,新航旗下的酷航,汉莎旗下的欧洲之翼,法荷航旗下的泛航航空,全日空旗下的乐桃航空等。这种类型的低成本航空子品牌往往是 Traditional large aviation group to build low-cost aviation sub-brand can be divided into two major genres. The first is defensive. Large aerospace groups are often forced to confront low-cost airlines, falling profits, by establishing low-cost aeronautic sub-brands to “rule the man by their own ways.” For example, the Singapore Airlines’ Cool Airways, the Lufthansa’s European Wing, France-KLM’s Air China’s ANA Airlines, Le Tao Airlines. This type of low-cost aviation sub-brand is often