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本文探讨了马克思如何放弃了一种本体论自然观,即将自然作为一个就物理事物之间的相互影响、相互持存以及秩序而言的关系整体的观点,从而否定了自然或物理世界中的任何内在价值。康德已经把自然或世界降格为一种规范性概念——因此它的价值仅只是对获得客观知识给予启迪。马克思又通过把自然仅仅视为可交换领域和可消费的东西而进一步强化了这一降格,至此每种东西仅是能量或者力的聚集,人类劳动实质上不能令其完美而只可使其改变形式。这种通过劳动所进行的能量重置只为了一个目的:人类种族的自由繁衍。因此,马克思的思想不能被用以支持一种通常所理解的环境哲学,后者给出了内在价值的预设。
This article explores how Marx gave up an ontological view of nature that views nature as a holistic view of the relationship between physical things in terms of mutual influence, mutual accommodation, and order, thereby negating any of the natural or physical worlds Intrinsic Value. Kant has downgraded nature or the world to a normative notion - and therefore its value is only enlightenment for the acquisition of objective knowledge. Marx further reinforces this downgrade by treating nature only as an exchangeable field and as a consumable, whereby each is merely a gathering of energies or forces, and human labor can not, in essence, make it perfect but only change it form. This reset of energy through labor serves only one purpose: the free multiplication of human race. Therefore, Marx’s thought can not be used to support a commonly understood environmental philosophy, which gives the presupposition of intrinsic value.