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目的了解哈尔滨市城区青少年代谢综合征(Met S)的流行特征及其影响因素,为青少年代谢综合征的预防和控制提供参考。方法采用整群抽样方法,在知情同意后,于2014年4—6月对哈尔滨市城区1 579名10~18岁青少年进行体格检查、采血检验和问卷调查。结果青少年代谢综合征总患病率为5.4%。其中男生为6.9%,女生为3.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.166,P<0.01);12和16岁患病率最高,分别为7.4%和9.9%;初中(10~15岁)组和高中(16~18岁)组患病率分别为4.6%和6.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.466,P<0.05);消瘦、体重正常、超重、肥胖儿童青少年代谢综合征患病率分别为0,0.2%,10.2%和23.8%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=240.422,P<0.05)。腰围、腰臀比、收缩压、体质类型、喝饮料、每周吃油炸食品天数和体育成绩差是Met S患病率的主要危险因素(OR值分别为1.070,240.669,1.065,4.509,1.794,1.899,2.159)。结论哈尔滨市城区青少年的代谢综合征患病情况不容乐观,影响因素包括营养状况、饮食和运动,建议早筛查、早诊断、早治疗。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of metabolic syndrome (Met S) in adolescent in urban area of Harbin and provide reference for the prevention and control of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Methods A total of 1,579 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years old in Harbin City from April to June 2014 were examined by physical examination, blood tests and questionnaires after informed consent with cluster sampling method. Results The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents was 5.4%. (Χ2 = 7.166, P <0.01); the highest prevalence was found at 12 and 16 years old (7.4% and 9.9%, respectively); while middle school students (10-15 years old) The prevalence rates in the group and the high school (16-18 years old) were 4.6% and 6.7%, respectively, with significant differences (χ2 = 3.466, P <0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children with weight loss, weight gain, The prevalences were 0, 0.2%, 10.2% and 23.8%, respectively, with significant differences (χ2 = 240.422, P <0.05). Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, type of body constitution, drinkable beverages, the number of days of fried foods eaten per week, and poor athletic performance were major risk factors for Met S prevalence (OR values 1.070, 240.669, 1.065, 4.509, 1.794 , 1.899, 2.159). Conclusion The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in urban adolescents in Harbin is not optimistic. The influencing factors include nutritional status, diet and exercise, and early screening, early diagnosis and early treatment are suggested.