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目的探讨秦艽基原植物之一麻花艽Gentiana straminea的遗传多样性,并构建DNA指纹谱。方法在其自然分布区广泛取样,共涉及西藏、青海、甘肃及四川等地28个居群83份样本,应用ISSR分子标记技术,POPGEN软件分析遗传信息参数,NTSYS软件构建亲缘关系UPGMA聚类图。结果从100条引物中筛出7条多态性好、条带清晰的引物用于ISSR分析。共检测到95个条带,其中多态性条带88个,多态性条带百分率(PPL)为92.63%;麻花艽居群间的期望杂合度(H_e)为0.288 2,多样性信息指数(I_m)为0.437 1,种群间基因分化系数(G_(st))为0.678 3,基因流(N_m)为0.237 1,遗传距离为0.074 3~0.490 0。UPGMA树将麻花艽居群主要分为2大支。结论麻花艽种群遗传多样性水平较高,居群间遗传多样性水平高于居群内;其遗传变异主要存在于居群间;遗传特性与地理分布具有一定相关性。该工作可为麻花艽品种鉴定、物种就地保护、探讨环境等因素对于遗传分化的影响及药材道地性研究提供基础资料。
Objective To explore the genetic diversity of Gentiana straminea, one of the primitive plants of Gentiana macrophylla, and to construct a DNA fingerprinting profile. Methods A total of 83 samples were collected from 28 populations in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan provinces. ISSR markers, POPGEN software were used to analyze genetic information and NTSYS software was used to construct UPGMA cluster map . Results A total of 7 primers with good polymorphism and clear bands were screened from 100 primers for ISSR analysis. A total of 95 bands were detected, of which 88 were polymorphic bands with a PPL of 92.63%. The expected heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.288 2 between populations. The diversity index (I_m) was 0.437 1, the coefficient of genetic differentiation (G st) was 0.678 3, the gene flow (N_m) was 0.237 1 and the genetic distance was 0.074 3 ~ 0.490 0. The UPGMA tree is divided into two major groups of Twigs. Conclusion The genetic diversity of the population is higher than that of the population. The genetic diversity of the population is higher than that of the population. The genetic variation mainly exists among the populations. The genetic characteristics have a certain correlation with the geographical distribution. This work can provide the basic information for the identification of species of Gentiana macrophylla, in situ conservation of species, the impact of environmental factors on genetic differentiation and the authenticity of medicinal materials.