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一、引言历史发展到今天,现代化给人类带来了前所未有的社会生产力,极其丰富的物质享受和丰富多彩的人类文化,但同时也带来了无所适从的紧张情绪、迷失感和危机。人类的精神健康成了一个十分尖锐的问题,寻求健康的人格成为人们的共同愿望。埃里希·弗洛姆(1900—1980),美国著名心理学家、社会哲学家,法兰克福学派的重要代表人物。他生活于动荡不安,灾难迭起的20世纪,残酷的社会现实使其从少年时代就开始思考与战争有关的心理学问题,思索人与社会的关系。1941年,弗洛姆出版了其关于研究纳粹主义心理学问题的著作《逃避自由》,他在书中剖析了法西斯主义崛起的心理根源,阐述了自己对人性的思考,提出了独具特色的健康人格观。弗洛姆认为病态的社会造成病态的人格。他指出资本主义社会的自由是现代人的困境的根源。一方面,社会生产力的发展解除了传统社会对个人的种种束缚,个人获得了独立和自由;另一方面,社会生产力的发展也瓦解了稳定的社会结构,人们在获得“自由”的同时却发现生活中充斥着无数的不确定性——人失去了安全感和归属感。随着工业和技术的发展,人类生活的每一个角落都打
I. INTRODUCTION History has developed to the present day. Modernization has brought unprecedented social productivity to mankind, extremely rich material enjoyment and rich and colorful human culture. At the same time, it also brings with it tension, loss of feeling and crisis. The mental health of mankind has become a very sharp problem, seeking a healthy personality has become the common aspiration of people. Erich Fromm (1900-1980), the famous American psychologist, social philosopher, Frankfurt school important representative. He lived in turmoil and disaster in the twentieth century. The cruel social reality made him start thinking about war-related psychological problems from his youth, and thought about the relationship between man and society. In 1941, Fromm published his book “Escape from Freedom” on the study of psychology of Nazism. In his book, he analyzed the psychological roots of the rise of fascism, elaborated his own thinking on human nature and put forward his own unique Healthy personality view. Fromm thinks the morbid society causes sick personality. He pointed out that the freedom of capitalist society is the root cause of the plight of modern people. On the one hand, the development of social productive forces has lifted the shackles of individuals in the traditional society and gained individual independence and freedom. On the other hand, the development of social productive forces has also disrupted the stable social structure. At the same time that people obtain “freedom” But found that life is filled with numerous uncertainties - people lose their sense of security and belonging. With the development of industry and technology, every corner of human life is hit