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目的了解广东省城乡居民死亡率水平、死因构成和变化趋势,掌握主要死亡原因和人群分布特征。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法在广东省抽取13个县区开展2004—2005年居民死因回顾性调查,对其中12个县区的资料进行分析,分析指标主要有死亡率、标化死亡率、死因构成和死因顺位。结果广东省12个调查点2004—2005年共死亡99 919例,年均粗死亡率为658.6/10万,标化死亡率436.3/10万。男性标化死亡率(549.4/10万)高于女性(334.0/10万)(P<0.01),农村标化死亡率(458.6/10万)高于城市(387.2/10万)(P<0.01);慢性非传染性疾病、损伤和中毒、感染性疾病和母婴疾病死亡率分别为560.6/10万、50.9/10万和34.1/10万,分别占总死因的85.1%7、.7%和5.2%。前5位死因是恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒。5岁以下幼儿死亡率最高是围生期疾病,占总死因的35.1%,5～14岁儿童首位死因是损伤和中毒(55.8%),15～59岁青壮年首位死因是恶性肿瘤(38.1%),60岁及以上老年人首位死因是循环系统疾病(44.5%)。居民平均寿命为75.5岁,每年各类疾病和损伤导致全省居民潜在寿命损失年(YPLL)估计为340.6万人年,男性207.9万人年,女性132.7万人年,城市142.6万人年,农村198.0万人年。慢性非传染性疾病、损伤和中毒、感染性疾病和母婴疾病导致的YPLL分别为164.1、116.34、9.2万人年,分别占总死亡YPLL的48.2%、34.1%、14.4%。结论广东省居民死亡率较高,居民主要死于慢性非传染性疾病,慢性病已成为危害居民健康的重大疾病,应采取综合防治措施遏制慢性病的发展。
Objective To understand the level of urban-rural residents in Guangdong Province, the cause of death and changes in the trend, to grasp the main causes of death and population distribution characteristics. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted in 13 counties and districts in Guangdong Province to carry out a retrospective survey on the cause of death of residents in 2004-2005. Data of 12 counties were analyzed. The main indexes of the analysis were mortality rate, standardized mortality rate , Causes of death and cause of death ascending order. Results A total of 99 919 deaths were recorded in 12 surveys in Guangdong Province from 2004 to 2005, with an average annual crude death rate of 658.6 / 100,000 and a standardized mortality rate of 436.3 / 100,000. The standardized rate of males (549.4 / lakh) was higher than that of females (334.0 / lakh) (P <0.01). The standardized death rate in rural areas was 458.6 / lakh higher than that in urban areas (387.2 / lakh) (P <0.01) ). The death rates of chronic non-communicable diseases, injuries and poisonings, infectious diseases and maternal and infant diseases were 560.6 / 100,000, 50.9 / 100,000 and 34.1 / 100,000, respectively, accounting for 85.1% and 7.7% of the total. And 5.2%. The top 5 cause of death were malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, injury and poisoning. The highest death rate of infants under 5 years of age was perinatal disease, accounting for 35.1% of the total. The first cause of death among children aged 5-14 was injury and poisoning (55.8%). The first cause of death among young adults aged 15-59 was malignant tumor (38.1% ), The first leading cause of death in the elderly aged 60 and over was circulatory system disease (44.5%). The average life expectancy of residents is 75.5 years old. The annual loss of life expectancy (YPLL) of all residents in the province due to various diseases and injuries is estimated to be 3.406 million person-years, 2.079 million man-years, 1.327 million man-years and 1.426 million man-years in urban areas 198.0 million person-years. YPLLs caused by chronic non-communicable diseases, injuries and poisonings, infectious diseases and maternal-fetal diseases were 164.1,116.34,92 million person-years respectively, accounting for 48.2%, 34.1% and 14.4% of the total YPLL deaths respectively. Conclusions The mortality rate of residents in Guangdong Province is relatively high. Residents mainly die of chronic non-communicable diseases. Chronic diseases have become major diseases that endanger the health of residents. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to curb the development of chronic diseases.