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美国内战解放了广大黑奴,但是,自由并没有带来黑人与白人的真正平等,南方种族关系反而进入紧张恶化的状态,从奴隶到自由人,在适应角色调整的过程中,南方黑人开始了黑人社区的自我建设。一个个独立的黑人社区在南方形成,并建立了黑人社区的经济自立系统。黑人在共享社区生活的同时,出现了中上层黑人与下层黑人的分层,他们的生活方式也由此区别开来。
The civil war in the United States liberated the majority of black slaves. However, freedom did not lead to genuine equality between blacks and whites. Instead, ethnic relations in the South went into a state of deteriorating tension. From slavery to free people, southern blacks started to adapt to the role adjustment Self-building in black communities. An independent black community formed in the South and established a self-sustaining system of black communities. While sharing their community life, black people have been stratified by middle-class blacks and under-blacks, and their ways of life have also been differentiated.