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以通用土壤流失方程为基础,选择降雨侵蚀力、土壤可蚀性、地形起伏度、植被覆盖自然因子作为土壤侵蚀敏感性的评价指标,根据汶川地震重灾区自然环境特征,制定评价指标的分级标准,在GIS技术支持下生成单因子敏感性评价图,在此基础上基于ArcGIS的空间叠加分析功能,完成单因子的叠加运算,从而实现土壤侵蚀敏感性综合评价。结果表明:研究区土壤侵蚀敏感性以高度敏感和中度敏感为主,轻度敏感次之,不敏感和极敏感所占比例较小。空间上土壤侵蚀敏感性呈块状不连续分布,但侵蚀敏感性区域又相对集中,分布特征与地貌类型关系较大。针对不同的土壤侵蚀敏感等级,提出了相应的水土保持对策。
Based on the general equation of soil loss, rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, undulating topography and natural factors of vegetation cover were selected as evaluation indexes of soil erosion sensitivity. Based on the natural environment characteristics of the hardest hit by the Wenchuan earthquake, the grading standards of evaluation index , A single-factor sensitivity evaluation map is generated under the support of GIS technology. Based on this, ArcGIS spatial overlay analysis function is performed to complete the overlay operation of single factor so as to realize the comprehensive evaluation of soil erosion sensitivity. The results showed that the sensitivity to soil erosion in the study area was highly sensitive and moderately sensitive, followed by mildly sensitive, and less sensitive and highly sensitive. Sensitivity of soil erosion in space is massive discontinuity distribution, but the erosion sensitive area is relatively concentrated, and the distribution characteristics are closely related to the type of landform. According to different soil erosion sensitivity level, the corresponding water and soil conservation measures are put forward.