重点介绍呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的概念与感染途径,在分析发病易感高危因素的基础上提出呼吸道管理的物理策略、环境策略和药理学策略。经口插管时VAP发生率较低,且可降低鼻窦炎发生率。如果回路被污染就需更换,不必定期进行管道回路更换。滤过器可以过滤和吸附呼吸管道中的细菌,可显著减少VAP的发生。强调检查、操作和护理前后用肥皂水洗手,预防应激性溃疡,改善全身状态,同时合理选择抗生素十分重要。 The concept and route of infection associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are mainly introduced. The physical, environmental and pharmacological strategies for respiratory tract management are put forward on the basis of analyzing the high risk factors of the disease. Oral catheterization when the incidence of VAP lower, and can reduce the incidence of sinusitis. If the circuit is contaminated to be replaced, do not have to regularly replace the pipe loop. Filter can filter and adsorb the bacteria in the respiratory tract, can significantly reduce the incidence of VAP. Emphasis on inspection, operation and care before and after washing hands with soap and water to prevent stress ulcers and improve the general condition, while a reasonable choice of antibiotics is very important.