麻疹脑脊髓炎(ME)是麻疹最常见的神经系统并发症,其特征为小静脉周围的急性炎症及脱髓鞘病。本文报告秘鲁利马市1980～1983年夏季麻疹流行中发生的19例ME(男10例,女9例),年龄自1～20岁(平均5岁)。17例在出疹后1～8日发病,1例在出疹前9日,另1例在出疹后20日发病(平均在出疹后5天发病)。一般均在热退和疹隐后突然出现神经系统体征:呆滞或精神错乱10例;全身抽搐6例;仅3例先有 Measles encephalomyelitis (ME) is the most common neurological complication of measles and is characterized by acute inflammation and demyelinating disease around venules. This article reports on 19 MEs (10 males and 9 females) that occurred during the summer measles epidemic from 1980 to 1983 in Lima, Peru, aged from 1 to 20 years (mean age 5 years). Seventeen cases developed on the 1st to 8th day after rash onset, one on the 9th before rash and the other on the 20th day after rash onset (on average, 5 days after rash onset). In general, both retreat and rash suddenly appear after the hidden nervous system signs: sluggish or delirium 10 cases; systemic convulsions in 6 cases; only 3 cases first