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无论在生产力水平低下的远古时代,还是生产力水平高度提高的近代,木材总是人类利用的主要资源。正是人类与树木息息相关,有意无意中把木材带入遗址,经过各种实践活动,使这些木材经过了不完全燃烧形成木炭或保存在干燥、含水较多的极端环境中,因此考古发掘中经常出土三类木材,包括木炭、浸水木材和干木材。本文介绍了木炭分析简史、干木材与浸水木材分析简史,并侧重介绍了木材分析在考古学中的应用,对于今后我国考古学研究中开展木材分析研究工作有重要的指导意义。国内外木材分析相比较,中国木材分析未给予应有的重视,更缺乏较为系统地深入研究。今后应开创一条适合中国考古学自身特点的木材分析之路。
Whether in the ancient times when the level of productivity was low or in modern times where the level of productivity was extremely high, timber was always the main source of human resources. It is human beings and trees are closely related to the intentional or unintentional to bring the timber into the site, after a variety of practical activities, so that the wood after incomplete combustion to form charcoal or stored in dry, water-rich extreme environment, so often in archaeological excavations Three types of wood have been unearthed, including charcoal, water-soaked wood and dry wood. This paper introduces a brief history of charcoal analysis, a brief history of dry wood and immersion wood analysis, and focuses on the application of wood analysis in archeology. It is of great guiding significance for future research on wood analysis in archeology in China. Compared with wood analysis at home and abroad, China’s timber analysis has not given due attention, but also lacks a more systematic and in-depth study. In the future, we should create a road of wood analysis that suits the characteristics of China’s archeology.