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目的了解广州市青年学生艾滋病病毒(HIV)检测情况及影响因素,为制定艾滋病健康教育策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,对广州市大学和中职学校学生进行匿名问卷调查,调查其既往进行HIV检测的情况及相关因素。结果选取广州市3所大学和2所中职学校,对2014年级和2015年级在校学生共5 096人进行问卷调查。全部学生的HIV检测率为3.1%(156人),男生HIV检测率为4.5%,女生为1.7%(X~2=35.24,P<0.01);大学生检测率为2.6%,中职学生为3.9%(X~2=6.23,P<0.05);2015级学生检测率为3.8%,2014级学生为2.3%(X~2=9.05,P<0.01)。有感染HIV危险行为(使用毒品、危险性行为)学生的HIV检测率(21.7%、11.7%),均远高于未发生相关危险行为学生的检测率(2.5%、2.4%),P值均<0.01。156名学生主动进行HIV检测的途径,医院/社区卫生服务中心占41.0%(64人),疾病预防控制中心37.2%(58人),献血点27.6%(43人)。多因素Logistic分析显示:使用过毒品、发生过危险性行为、性别、担心自己感染艾滋病、年级、学校类型,是广州青年学生HIV检测率的影响因素。结论广州青年学生HIV检测率较低,有感染HIV危险行为学生的HIV检测率也不高。应加大HIV检测知识的宣传教育力度,增强青年学生的风险意识,尤其是有感染HIV危险行为学生的HIV检测意识,引导其到正规检测机构进行HIV检测。
Objective To understand the HIV status of young students in Guangzhou and its influencing factors, and to provide a basis for formulating AIDS health education strategies. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to conduct anonymous questionnaire survey among Guangzhou University and secondary vocational schools to investigate the past HIV testing and related factors. Results Three universities in Guangzhou and two vocational schools were selected. A total of 5 096 students in 2014 and 2015 were surveyed. HIV prevalence was 3.1% (156) for all students, 4.5% for boys and 1.7% for girls (X ~ 2 = 35.24, P <0.01); detection rate was 2.6% for college students and 3.9 for vocational students % (X ~ 2 = 6.23, P <0.05). The detection rate of 2015 students was 3.8% and that of 2014 students was 2.3% (X ~ 2 = 9.05, P <0.01). The detection rate of HIV (21.7%, 11.7%) in HIV-infected students (2.5%, 2.4%) was significantly higher than that in non-HIV-related students <0.01.156 students took the initiative to carry out HIV testing. The hospital / community health service center accounted for 41.0% (64 people), the CDC 37.2% (58 people) and the blood donation point 27.6% (43 people). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the prevalence of HIV, grade, school type and HIV prevalence in Guangzhou youth students were significantly higher than those of the controls. Conclusions Guangzhou young students have lower detection rate of HIV and HIV detection rate of HIV-infected students is not high. HIV testing knowledge should be increased publicity and education efforts to enhance the risk awareness of young students, especially HIV infection risk behaviors of HIV testing awareness, and guide them to formal testing agencies for HIV testing.