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在田间试验条件下,以中穗型小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种‘山农15’和大穗型品种‘山农8355’为供试材料,设置3个0–140cm土层土壤相对含水量处理:W0(拔节期65%,开花期60%)、W1(拔节期70%,开花期70%)、W2(拔节后8天70%,开花后8天70%),采用测墒补灌的方法补充土壤水分达到目标相对含水量,对两个不同穗型小麦品种的耗水特性和干物质积累与分配进行了研究。结果表明:(1)两品种籽粒产量均以W0处理最低,‘山农15’W1和W2处理无显著差异,‘山农8355’W1处理显著高于W2处理;两品种W1处理的水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率均显著高于W2处理。‘山农15’W1处理的籽粒产量和灌溉水利用效率分别显著低于和高于‘山农8355’的W1处理,水分利用效率无显著差异;两品种W2处理的籽粒产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率均无显著差异。(2)两品种总耗水量以W0处理最低,‘山农15’W1处理显著低于W2处理,‘山农8355’两处理无显著差异;两品种W1处理的土壤供水量及其占总耗水量的比例显著高于W2处理。‘山农15’W1处理的总耗水量和灌水量占总耗水量的比例显著低于‘山农8355’,土壤供水量占总耗水量的比例显著高于‘山农8355’;两品种W2处理总耗水量,土壤供水量及其占总耗水量的比例无显著差异。(3)两品种W1处理成熟期干物质积累量显著高于其他处理,W1处理提高了‘山农8355’开花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率,对‘山农15’无显著影响。‘山农15’W1和W2处理成熟期干物质积累量显著低于‘山农8355’,开花前贮藏同化物向籽粒的转运量和转运率、对籽粒的贡献率均显著高于‘山农8355’,开花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率低于‘山农8355’。综合考虑干物质积累与分配、籽粒产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率,W1处理是两品种节水高产的最佳土壤相对含水量处理。
Under the field experiment conditions, the soil relative water content of 0-140cm soil layer was set by using ’Triticum aestivum’ variety ’Shannong 15’ and big ear variety ’Shannon 8355’ W0 (jointing stage 65%, flowering stage 60%), W1 (jointing stage 70%, flowering stage 70%), W2 (70 days after jointing stage 70% and 8 days after flowering 70% The soil water content was adjusted to the target relative water content. The water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution of two wheat cultivars with different panicle types were studied. The results showed that: (1) The grain yield of two cultivars was the lowest with W0 treatment. There was no significant difference between Shannon 15’W1 and W2 treatments. Shannong 8355’W1 treatment was significantly higher than W2 treatment. The WUE of two treatments W1, And irrigation water use efficiency were significantly higher than the W2 treatment. ’Shannong 15’W1 treatment of grain yield and irrigation water use efficiency were significantly lower and higher than’ Shannon 8355 ’W1 treatment, no significant difference in water use efficiency; W2 two varieties of grain yield, water use efficiency and There was no significant difference in irrigation water use efficiency. (2) The total water consumption of the two cultivars was the lowest in W0 treatment, ’Shannon 15’W1 treatment was significantly lower than W2 treatment’ Shannon 8355 ’no significant difference between the two treatments; W1 treatment of two varieties of soil water supply and its total consumption The proportion of water was significantly higher than the W2 treatment. ’Shannon 15’W1 treatment of total water consumption and irrigation water accounted for the proportion of the total water consumption was significantly lower than’ Shannon 8355 ’, the proportion of soil water supply to the total water consumption was significantly higher than’ Shannon 8355 ’; two varieties W2 There was no significant difference in the proportion of total water consumption, soil water supply and total water consumption. (3) The dry matter accumulation of two cultivars W1 was significantly higher than that of other treatments. W1 treatment increased the dry matter accumulation of ’Shannong 8355’ after flowering and its contribution to grain, and had no significant effect on ’Shannon 15’ influences. ’Shannong 15’W1 and W2 dry maturity accumulation was significantly lower than the’ Shannon 8355 ’, before storage flowering assimilate to the grain translocation and translocation rate, the contribution to the grain were significantly higher than the’ Shannon 8355 ’. The dry matter accumulation after flowering and its contribution to grain were lower than that of’ Shannon 8355 ’. Considering dry matter accumulation and distribution, grain yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency, W1 treatment was the best soil relative water content for two varieties with high water-saving and high yield.