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目的:观察成年大鼠嗅球缺血性损伤后的病理改变,探讨缺血对嗅觉的影响。方法:选取40只成年SD大鼠(体重250-300g),分成对照组、实验组(1周组、1月组、2月组),每组10只。将实验组大鼠双侧颈总动脉结扎造成缺血,分别在1周、1个月、2个月时处死,光镜下观察嗅球病理改变,透射电镜下观察嗅球内细胞超微结构的变化。结果:光镜下可见实验组大鼠嗅球僧帽细胞胞核深染、颗粒细胞数目减少。透射电镜下1周组大鼠嗅球内僧帽细胞线粒体破坏,细胞变性、坏死;1月组僧帽细胞退行性变,神经纤维髓鞘断裂、板层脱落。结论:缺血可损伤神经细胞和神经纤维,可能造成或加重嗅觉障碍。
Objective: To observe the pathological changes of adult rat olfactory bulb after ischemic injury and to explore the effect of ischemia on olfaction. Methods: Forty adult SD rats weighing 250-300g were divided into control group and experimental group (1 week group, 1 month group, 2 months group), 10 rats in each group. Rats in experimental group were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery ligation to induce ischemia, and were sacrificed at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months respectively. The pathological changes of olfactory bulb were observed under light microscope. The ultrastructural changes of olfactory bulb were observed under transmission electron microscope . Results: Under light microscope, the nuclei of olfactory bulb mitral cells in experimental group were deeply stained and the number of granulosa cells was decreased. The mitochondria and degeneration and necrosis of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb of the rats in 1-week group under the transmission electron microscope were observed. The degenerative changes of the monk’s cells in January and the break of the myelin sheath of the nerve fibers and the shedding of the lamina propria. Conclusion: Ischemia can damage nerve cells and nerve fibers, which may cause or aggravate olfactory dysfunction.