黄土沟壑区黑麦草植被冠层与根系坡面水沙效益及水力特性

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基于野外人工模拟降雨试验和黑麦草全植被结构、根系结构及裸坡结构,通过设置不同雨强(30 mm·h-1、60 mm·h-1和90 mm·h-1)和不同下垫面坡度(1°、3°和5°),对坡面产流产沙特征、水力参数分布变化及坡面侵蚀特征和水力特征关系进行了分析,揭示了不同草被结构类型下坡面产流产沙特征与水力特性.结果表明:随着雨强和坡度的变化,全植被坡面具有最小的产流产沙率,根系坡面次之,产流产沙率最大的则是裸坡坡面.黑麦草冠层的减流贡献率优于根系,冠层与根系的平均减流贡献率分别可达到62%和38%,减沙贡献率则是根系优于冠层,冠层与根系的平均减沙贡献率分别可达到37%和65%,以上产流产沙特征均揭示了草本植被冠层和根系在抑制侵蚀当中的有效性.水力参数中,雷诺数和水流功率是适用的2个水力指标,与产流产沙速率显著相关(P<0.01).本次研究可为不同草被结构下的水土保持效益提升以及水力特性的分析提供理论依据和试验参考.
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