目的:探讨高压氧(HBO)对2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌细胞凋亡及生长因子的影响及其作用机制。方法:32只GK大鼠适应性饲养1周后，24只血糖>16.7 mmol/L的大鼠入选，按照数字表法随机分为模型组(n n＝8)、二甲双胍组(n n＝8)和HBO组(n n＝8)，另外血糖≤16.7 mmol/L的8只大鼠为对照组。对照组和模型组按5 ml·kgn －1·dn －1灌服纯净水，HBO组除按上述剂量灌服纯净水外，再每天予以HBO治疗。3周后处死大鼠，尾部采血测空腹血糖，留取右侧腓肠肌组织制成石蜡切片分别行HE染色，光镜下观察各组腓肠肌组织形态结构变化；免疫组化法检测碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、一氧化氮合成酶(eNOS)、细胞因子及Caspase-3的表达，测量并计算积分光密度(IOD)值。TUNEL法检测腓肠肌细胞凋亡情况，并计算细胞凋亡指数。n 结果:处理21 d后，测禁食12 h大鼠的空腹血糖，模型组、二甲双胍组、HBO组血糖明显高于对照组[(7.26±0.78、6.90±0.74、6.92±0.95 n vs. 4.74±0.53)mmol/L，均n P<0.05]；对照组大鼠骨骼肌组织bFGF表达最强，模型组表达最弱，二甲双胍组和HBO组骨骼肌组织bFGF表达水平明显高于模型组，但低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(n P<0.05)；二甲双胍组和HBO组骨骼肌组织VEGF表达水平明显高于模型组和对照组，差异均有统计学意义(n P0.05)；二甲双胍组和HBO组骨骼肌组织Caspase-3表达水平和腓肠肌细胞凋亡指数明显低于模型组，但高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(均n P16.7 mmol/L, selected from 32 GK rats after 1 week feeding, were divided into model group ( n n=8), metformin group (n n=8), and HBO group (n n=8), according to random number table method. The left 8 rats with blood sugar ≤ 16.7 mmol/L were included into control group. The rats in the control group and the model group were irrigated with pure water 5 ml·kgn -1·dn -1. The rats in the HBO group were given HBO every day on the basis of the treatment of the control group and the model group. After 3 weeks, the rats were executed. The tail blood was collected to measure fasting blood glucose. The right gastrocnemius muscle tissues were collected and made into paraffin sections for HE staining. The morphological and structural changes of gastrocnemius muscle in each group were observed under a light microscope. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), cytokine, and Caspase-3; and the integrated optical density (IOD) was measured and calculated for comparison. TUNEL method was used to detect gastrocnemius cell apoptosis, and the apoptosis index was calculated.n Results:After the rats were executed at 21 d, the 12 h fasting blood glucose of the rats in the model group, the metformin group, and the HBO group were all significantly higher than that of the control group [(7.26±0.78, 6.90±0.74, 6.92±0.95 n vs. 4.74±0.53) mmol/L, n P<0.05 in each comparison]. The expression of skeletal muscle bFGF in the rats of the control group was the highest, while that of the model group was the lowest. The expressions of skeletal muscle bFGF in the rats of the metformin group and the HBO group were obviously higher than that of the model group, but lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant difference (n P<0.05). The expressions of skeletal muscle VEGF in the rats of the metformin group and the HBO group were obviously higher than those of the model group and the control group, with statistically significant difference (n P0.05). The expressions of skeletal muscle Caspase-3 and the gastrocnemius cell apoptosis indexes of the metformin group and the HBO group were significantly lower than those of the model group, but higher than those of the control group, with statistical difference (n P<0.05) in all comparison.n Conclusion:HBO can improve the skeletal muscle structure of the rats with diabetes, improve the expressions of bFGF and VEGF, decrease the expression of Caspase-3, and reduce cell apoptosis; it, therefore, has a certain protective effect on the skeletal muscle in rats with diabetes.