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孔子之前已有儒。通过“古言服”和殷商宗教职官的考证,儒的历史可上溯得更远。殷商早期的祝、宗、卜、史是儒者的先祖,他们为王室的宗庙、祭祀、征战、治政、著史活动提供相应的决策咨询服务。商灭之后,祝、宗、卜、史等公职人员,连同商王所用过的礼器典册,主要为鲁国、卫国所接手。他们生活在周王的治下,却自觉、半自觉地守护着殷商文化的传统,或治丧、相礼,或祭祀、崇拜,或教书、育人,或成为新兴贵族的智囊参谋。春秋时代新破落的儒,加上早先存在已久的作为殷商遗民的儒,混杂在一起,形成一个非常特殊的社会群体。至孔子时代,“君子儒”“小人儒”的反差已非常明显。孔子对原始儒家的改造无疑是成功的,其“忠恕之道”的理论总结显然也是很有针对性的。
There Confucianism before Confucius. Through the “Old Man clothes ” and Shang Shang religious officers research, Confucian history can go further. In the early period of Shang Dynasty, Zhuang, Zong, Bu and Shi were the ancestors of the Confucianists. They provided the corresponding decision-making consultation services for the ancestral temples, ritual sacrifices, expeditions, governance and historical activities of the royal family. After the commercial off, I wish, Zong, Bu, history and other public officials, together with the ritual books used by Shang Wang, mainly for Luguo, Wei took over. Living under the rule of the King of the Week, they conscientiously and semi-conscientiously guard the Shang culture, or sacrifice, worship, or sacrifice, worship, or teach, educate, or become think-tanks of emerging aristocrats. The new dilapidated Confucianism in the Spring and Autumn Period, together with the pre-existing Confucianism as Shang merchants, are mixed together to form a very special social group. To Confucius era, “gentleman Confucianism ” “small person Confucianism ” contrast has been very obvious. The transformation of Confucius to the original Confucianism is undoubtedly successful, and the theoretical summary of “the doctrine of loyalty and forgiveness” is obviously very specific.