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乙型肝炎是一种呈全球分布的疾病。世界上现有乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)慢性携带者超过二亿,而其中中国即占一半以上。新生儿从母体获得感染,有95％将成为携带者。大多数慢性携带者将终身携带,构成乙型肝炎的传染源。1983年2月召开的一次世界卫生组织会议明确指出HBV为多达80％肝细胞癌的病因。在已知的人类致癌物中它被列为第二(仅次于烟草)。因此,预防乙型肝炎感染,特别是预防乙型肝炎的母婴传播,极为重要。总的来说,预防有四种方法:(1)控制传播环节,但单是依靠控制传播环节还难以控制乙型肝炎。(2)通过杀病毒药物,但迄今尚缺乏有效药物。(3)注射高效价乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白只起到暂时的保护作用。(4)注射乙型肝炎疫苗不但可最终根除乙型肝炎,而且实际上是人类拥有的第一种抗癌疫苗。
Hepatitis B is a globally distributed disease. The world has more than 200 million chronic carriers of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), of which China accounts for more than half. Neonates get their infection from their mother, and 95% will become carriers. Most chronic carriers will carry life-long, constitute a source of hepatitis B infection. A February WHO World Health Organization meeting clearly pointed out that HBV is responsible for up to 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is ranked second among known human carcinogens (next to tobacco). Therefore, the prevention of hepatitis B infection, especially the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B, is extremely important. In general, there are four ways to prevent it: (1) control of transmission links, but it is also difficult to control hepatitis B alone by controlling transmission links. (2) The adoption of viricidal drugs, but so far no effective drugs are available. (3) injection of high titer of hepatitis B immunoglobulin only play a temporary protective effect. (4) Injection of hepatitis B vaccine will not only eventually eradicate hepatitis B, but it is actually the first anti-cancer vaccine that humans have.