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儿童发生脑缺血性疾病的病因与成人迥异,其中外伤是重要因素。由于儿童中枢神经系统及基底核区血管分布的特点导致其临床表现与成人有较大差异,受伤后可迅速出现梗死症状、外伤多较轻微,多为仰面、枕骨摔伤、意识障碍不明显、多发生在基底核区以腔隙性梗死或小梗死灶为主而大面积梗死较少等特点。其诊断以外伤史,除外脑挫伤等因素后,结合CT/MRI即可确诊。治疗多采用扩容、解除血管痉挛、神经营养剂、小剂量脱水、抗凝等保守治疗,整体预后较良好。
The cause of cerebral ischemic disease in children is very different from adults, of which trauma is an important factor. Due to the characteristics of children’s central nervous system and basal ganglia vascular distribution caused by their clinical manifestations are quite different from adults, after the onset of infarction can quickly appear symptoms, trauma and more minor, mostly on the back, occipital fall, unconsciousness is not obvious, Occurred in the basal ganglia mainly to lacunar infarction or infarct-based large infarcts and other characteristics. The diagnosis of trauma history, except for brain contusion and other factors, combined with CT / MRI can be diagnosed. More treatment using expansion, relieve vasospasm, neurotrophic agents, small doses of dehydration, anticoagulation and other conservative treatment, the overall prognosis is good.