论文部分内容阅读
一.腐败产生的根本原因腐败通常是指制度、机构、措施等混乱、黑暗。这并没有言中腐败问题的实质。我们认为,腐败是指一个组织体系中的行为主体①需要在获取一定报偿(如金钱、实物、情感、肉体等等)的条件下才完成他的职责所要求他应该做的事;②用不正当的目的干了他不可以干或者在某一职权下某种程度上可以干的事;③行使合法权力来谋求私利。这里所讲的“组织体系”可以是政府,也可以是企事业单位;“行为主体”可以是高级官员,也可以是基层干部。与此相对应,我们可以得到“政府腐败”、“企事业单位腐败”、“高级个人腐败”、“低级个人腐败”等概念。
First, the root causes of corruption Corruption usually refers to the system, institutions, measures and other chaos, darkness. This does not say the essence of the problem of corruption. In our opinion, corruption means that the actor in an organizational system needs to do what he needs to do under the condition of obtaining certain compensation (such as money, kind, emotion, physicality, etc.); The proper purpose is to do what he can not do or to some extent under a certain authority; and (3) to exercise legal authority to seek personal gain. The “organizational system” mentioned here can be either the government or the enterprises and institutions; the “main body of conduct” can be a senior official or a cadre at the grassroots level. Correspondingly, we can get the concepts of “government corruption”, “corruption of enterprises and institutions”, “corruption of senior individuals” and “corruption of junior individuals”.