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以郑单958为试验材料,分别于吐丝至吐丝15 d、吐丝至吐丝30 d和吐丝30 d至成熟期3个时期进行水分亏缺处理(T1、T2、T3),以花后适宜水分供应为对照(CK),研究花后不同时期水分亏缺对夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,3个阶段的水分亏缺均使玉米产量降低,其中,T1处理的降幅最大,T3处理的降幅最小,与CK相比均达到显著性差异。T1处理下玉米的叶片衰老最快,在整个生育后期叶面积指数一直处于较低的水平;成熟期时,各处理的叶面积指数均低于CK。T1和T2处理使成熟期时的单株总干重显著下降,较CK分别下降了24.98%、29.94%。T3处理下作物的水分利用效率最高,比CK高0.5 kg/(mm·hm2);T1处理下作物的水分利用效率最低,且与CK达到显著差异。各个时期的水分胁迫均使玉米的穗粒数减少,穗长变短,穗粗降低,行粒数减少,秃尖变长,空秆率上升。
With Zhengdan 958 as experimental material, water deficit treatment (T1, T2, T3) was carried out at 15 days from silking to spinning, 30 days after silking to silk spinning and 30 days after silking, respectively After flowering, the suitable water supply was CK, and the effects of water deficit on yield and water use efficiency of summer maize were studied. The results showed that the three stages of water deficit all reduced the yield of maize. Among them, the decline of T1 was the largest and that of T3 was the smallest, which was significantly different from that of CK. Leaf senescence of corn was the fastest under T1 treatment, and the leaf area index was low at the later growth stage. At maturity stage, leaf area index of all treatments was lower than that of CK. T1 and T2 treatments decreased the total dry weight of the plant at the maturity stage by 24.98% and 29.94%, respectively, compared with CK. The highest water use efficiency of T3 was 0.5 kg / (mm · hm2) higher than that of CK, and the lowest water use efficiency was obtained under T1, which was significantly different from CK. The water stress in each period reduced the number of grains per spike, shortened the spike length, reduced the ear diameter, reduced the grain number, increased the baldness length and increased the empty stalk ratio.