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目的 调查广东省粤北地区40岁以上人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的患病率及其危险因素。方法 采用统一的流行病学调查表格,以整群随机抽样方法,在韶关北部山区共调查 40 岁以上居民1498人,并进行肺功能检测,有支气管阻塞者行扩张试验。结果 资料完整的 1468 人,男性640人,女性828人,平均年龄54.3岁。COPD总患病率为12.0%(176/1468),男性患病率18.3%(117/640),显著高于女性患病率7.1%(59/828),P<0.01。只有80.7%COPD患者有咳嗽、咯痰、呼吸困难或气短等症状之一。该地区COPD诊断率过低,只有26.1%的 COPD病例曾诊断过慢性支气管炎、肺气肿或COPD。吸烟是极为重要的危险因素,78.4%COPD患者有吸烟史。该地区居民生物燃料暴露与COPD患病的关系尚待进一步研究。结论 粤北农村地区 COPD患病率远高于预期,吸烟是极为重要的危险因素。肺功能在COPD的诊断,尤其是早期诊断中非常重要。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in people over the age of 40 in Guangdong and northern Guangdong. Methods A uniform epidemiological questionnaire was used to investigate the pulmonary function of 1498 residents over the age of 40 in the northern mountainous area of Shaoguan by cluster random sampling method. The pulmonary function tests and bronchiectasis were performed. Results A total of 1468 people, 640 males and 828 females, with an average age of 54.3 years old. The overall prevalence of COPD was 12.0% (176/1468), with a prevalence rate of 18.3% (117/640) in males and 7.1% (59/828) in females, P <0.01. Only 80.7% of COPD patients have one of the symptoms of cough, expectoration, difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. The diagnostic yield of COPD in this area is too low, only 26.1% of COPD cases have been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, emphysema or COPD. Smoking is a very important risk factor, 78.4% of patients with COPD have a history of smoking. The relationship between resident biofuel exposure and the prevalence of COPD remains to be further studied. Conclusion The prevalence of COPD in rural areas of northern Guangdong is much higher than expected, and smoking is an extremely important risk factor. Pulmonary function is very important in the diagnosis of COPD, especially in the early diagnosis.