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在解答有关非谓语动词的试题时，同学们常常会遇到以确定所选动词是该用“非谓语动词还是谓语动词”形式为主要考点的试题，此时许多学生会感到无所适从。本文拟结合相关考题，介绍此类试题的判断方法，以便同学们更好地理解命题者的意图，提高答题准确率。
一、依据英文句法结构，确定动词形式
一般来讲，一个句子中不能有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，除非动词为并列的谓语或多个谓语动词分别出现在主从复合句或并列句中。根据这一语法规则，我们就可以确定所选动词该用谓语形式还是非谓语形式。例如：
1. The country life he was used to__________greatly since 1992. （2005山东卷）
A. changeB. has changed
C. changingD. have changed
解析：分析句子结构后可知，主句的主语是The country life，句中he was used to是定语从句，修饰life，这样主句就缺少谓语。因此空白处应该填谓语动词，又因句子的主语是单数，所以B为正确答案。
2. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made__________in the restaurant. （2008山东卷）
A. workingB. work
C. to workD. worked
解析：该句为as ... as引导的比较状语从句。通过分析句子结构可知，主、从句中已分别有谓语动词paid和had made，句中不缺少谓语动词，所以应填非谓语形式。因为work与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词。答案为A。
3. We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,__________that all children like these things. (2006全国卷II)
A. thinkingB. think
C. to thinkD. thought
解析：答案为A。该题考查现在分词短语做伴随状语。“toys, footballs, or basketballs”是作with的宾语。逗号后面的空白处应填thinking构成的短语表示伴随状况，不应填与provide相平行的另一个谓语动词，因此B不可选。
二、分析句子结构，正确识别句式
识别非谓语动词和谓语动词，有时还可以借助特定句式或固定结构来分辨。例如：
1.__________the website of the Fire Department in your city and you will learn a lot about firefighting. （2008湖南卷）
A. Having searchedB. To search
C. SearchingD. Search
解析： 答案为D。该题考查“祈使句 + and + 陈述句（一般为将来时）”结构。因句中含有连词and，可推断出前面仍为一个句子，所以不能填非谓语动词。
2. Mary,__________here—everybody else, stay where you are. （2006全国卷I）
A. comeB. comes
C. to comeD. coming
解析：本题考查祈使句的用法。Mary是被逗号隔开的呼语，其后是一个主语为第二人称的祈使句，句中谓语应是动词原形，故答案为 A。破折号后面的句子是与其相类似的祈使句，everybody else也是一个被逗号隔开的呼语。
3. I sent you 100 dollars today, the rest__________ in a year. （2005湖南卷）
A. followingB. followed
C. to followD. will follow
解析：逗号后面无连词，所以the rest__________in a year不应是并列句中的另一个分句，空白处不应填动词的谓语形式followed和will follow。然后分析句意可知，the rest后的动作follow应是将要发生的，所以应该使用“名词或主格代词 + 动词不定式”的独立主格形式，故正确答案为C。
三、通过and的暗示作用
and作为常见的并列连词可以连接词、短语或分句，有时对非谓语动词与谓语动词的判定也起到一定的作用。例如：
1. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and__________down to eat our picnic lunch. （2005上海卷）
A. sittingB. having sat
C. to sitD. sat
解析： 分析句子结构可知，and作为并列连词并列的是found及sat两个动作，而非并列providing 与 sitting。故答案为D。
2. We went to the boy, and__________him on the shoulder, took him away.
A. patB. patting
C. pattedD. to pat
解析： 此题易错选C。根据句型结构，went和took是并列的谓语动词，须用并列连词and。patting him ...是现在分词短语作伴随状语，修饰took away。答案为B。注意：并列几个谓语动词时，前边内容用逗号隔开，只在最后两个之间用and连接。
3. One learns a language by making mistakes and__________them.
A. correctB. correcting
C. correctsD. to correct
解析： making和correcting是并列平行结构，由and连接，都作by的宾语。正确答案为B。
【巩固练习】
1. She set out soon after dark__________home an hour later.
A. arrivingB. to arrive
C. having arrivedD. and arrived
2. “__________ quiet, boys and girls!” asked the teacher.
A. AreB. IsC. BeingD. Be
3. Helen,__________the door when you go out.
A. lockB. locking
C. to lockD. locks
4. Alice returned from the manager’s office,__________ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having toldB. tells
C. to tellD. telling
5.__________more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.
A. To find outB. Finding out
C. Find outD. Having found out
6. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV；there are pictures__________in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to formB. form
C. formingD. having formed
7. The policeman came up to the house,whose door was open,__________there for a while, and went in.
A. to standB. standing
C. stoodD. stand
8. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better__________it—you’ve got some big bills coming.
A. forgetB. forgot
C. forgettingD. to forget
9. Prices of daily goods__________through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are boughtB. bought
C. have been boughtD. buying
10. —English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t__________it?
—Yes,__________more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. knowB. knowing
C. to knowD. known
Keys: 1-5 DDADA 6-10 CCABA ☆
一、依据英文句法结构，确定动词形式
一般来讲，一个句子中不能有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，除非动词为并列的谓语或多个谓语动词分别出现在主从复合句或并列句中。根据这一语法规则，我们就可以确定所选动词该用谓语形式还是非谓语形式。例如：
1. The country life he was used to__________greatly since 1992. （2005山东卷）
A. changeB. has changed
C. changingD. have changed
解析：分析句子结构后可知，主句的主语是The country life，句中he was used to是定语从句，修饰life，这样主句就缺少谓语。因此空白处应该填谓语动词，又因句子的主语是单数，所以B为正确答案。
2. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made__________in the restaurant. （2008山东卷）
A. workingB. work
C. to workD. worked
解析：该句为as ... as引导的比较状语从句。通过分析句子结构可知，主、从句中已分别有谓语动词paid和had made，句中不缺少谓语动词，所以应填非谓语形式。因为work与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词。答案为A。
3. We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,__________that all children like these things. (2006全国卷II)
A. thinkingB. think
C. to thinkD. thought
解析：答案为A。该题考查现在分词短语做伴随状语。“toys, footballs, or basketballs”是作with的宾语。逗号后面的空白处应填thinking构成的短语表示伴随状况，不应填与provide相平行的另一个谓语动词，因此B不可选。
二、分析句子结构，正确识别句式
识别非谓语动词和谓语动词，有时还可以借助特定句式或固定结构来分辨。例如：
1.__________the website of the Fire Department in your city and you will learn a lot about firefighting. （2008湖南卷）
A. Having searchedB. To search
C. SearchingD. Search
解析： 答案为D。该题考查“祈使句 + and + 陈述句（一般为将来时）”结构。因句中含有连词and，可推断出前面仍为一个句子，所以不能填非谓语动词。
2. Mary,__________here—everybody else, stay where you are. （2006全国卷I）
A. comeB. comes
C. to comeD. coming
解析：本题考查祈使句的用法。Mary是被逗号隔开的呼语，其后是一个主语为第二人称的祈使句，句中谓语应是动词原形，故答案为 A。破折号后面的句子是与其相类似的祈使句，everybody else也是一个被逗号隔开的呼语。
3. I sent you 100 dollars today, the rest__________ in a year. （2005湖南卷）
A. followingB. followed
C. to followD. will follow
解析：逗号后面无连词，所以the rest__________in a year不应是并列句中的另一个分句，空白处不应填动词的谓语形式followed和will follow。然后分析句意可知，the rest后的动作follow应是将要发生的，所以应该使用“名词或主格代词 + 动词不定式”的独立主格形式，故正确答案为C。
三、通过and的暗示作用
and作为常见的并列连词可以连接词、短语或分句，有时对非谓语动词与谓语动词的判定也起到一定的作用。例如：
1. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and__________down to eat our picnic lunch. （2005上海卷）
A. sittingB. having sat
C. to sitD. sat
解析： 分析句子结构可知，and作为并列连词并列的是found及sat两个动作，而非并列providing 与 sitting。故答案为D。
2. We went to the boy, and__________him on the shoulder, took him away.
A. patB. patting
C. pattedD. to pat
解析： 此题易错选C。根据句型结构，went和took是并列的谓语动词，须用并列连词and。patting him ...是现在分词短语作伴随状语，修饰took away。答案为B。注意：并列几个谓语动词时，前边内容用逗号隔开，只在最后两个之间用and连接。
3. One learns a language by making mistakes and__________them.
A. correctB. correcting
C. correctsD. to correct
解析： making和correcting是并列平行结构，由and连接，都作by的宾语。正确答案为B。
【巩固练习】
1. She set out soon after dark__________home an hour later.
A. arrivingB. to arrive
C. having arrivedD. and arrived
2. “__________ quiet, boys and girls!” asked the teacher.
A. AreB. IsC. BeingD. Be
3. Helen,__________the door when you go out.
A. lockB. locking
C. to lockD. locks
4. Alice returned from the manager’s office,__________ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having toldB. tells
C. to tellD. telling
5.__________more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.
A. To find outB. Finding out
C. Find outD. Having found out
6. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV；there are pictures__________in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to formB. form
C. formingD. having formed
7. The policeman came up to the house,whose door was open,__________there for a while, and went in.
A. to standB. standing
C. stoodD. stand
8. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better__________it—you’ve got some big bills coming.
A. forgetB. forgot
C. forgettingD. to forget
9. Prices of daily goods__________through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are boughtB. bought
C. have been boughtD. buying
10. —English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t__________it?
—Yes,__________more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. knowB. knowing
C. to knowD. known
Keys: 1-5 DDADA 6-10 CCABA ☆