目的探讨糖尿病患者肺结核感染外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子表达水平的变化及意义。方法选取2012年4月-2014年4月41例肺结核合并糖尿病患者为肺结核合并糖尿病组,55例肺结核患者为肺结核组,50名健康人群为对照组,比较各组外周血干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-2(IL-2)、IL-12、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10表达水平。结果肺结核患者外周血IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12表达水平均显著降低,与对照组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与肺结核患者相比较,肺结核合并糖尿病患者外周血IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12表达水平均显著降低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺结核患者外周血IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10表达水平均显著增高,与对照组相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与单纯肺结核患者相比较,肺结核合并糖尿病患者外周血IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10表达水平均显著增高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺结核合并糖尿病患者Th1/Th2免疫失衡,出现Th2免疫漂移,其免疫异常程度高于单纯肺结核患者。 Objective To investigate the changes and significance of Th1 / Th2 cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis infection. Methods From April 2012 to April 2014, 41 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes were treated with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus, 55 with pulmonary tuberculosis as pulmonary tuberculosis and 50 healthy people as control group. The levels of interferon-γ -γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10. Results The expression of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-12 in peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). Compared with pulmonary tuberculosis patients, The levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-6 in the peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05) IL-5, IL-6, IL-6 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than those in patients with simple pulmonary tuberculosis (P <0.05) 10 expression levels were significantly increased, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Th1 / Th2 immune imbalance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus, Th2 immune drift occurs, the degree of immune abnormalities is higher than that of patients with simple pulmonary tuberculosis.