In our previous studies,several papermaking sludge-based flocculants (PSBFs) were synthesized from wood pulp papermaking sludge.The structure-activity relationships of the PSBFs have been investigated in simulated dye wastewater treatment,but their efficiencies in practical printing and dyeing wastewater (PPDW) treatment are unknown.Herein,an PSBF was prepared,and its performance is discussed in comparison to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM)in PPDW treatment.The PSBF was used in three ways:as an independent flocculant,as a PAC aid,or used to treat the effluent of the PAC system.The results indicated that adding PSBF alone produced similar color and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removals as the PAC system alone,but PSBF performed better than PAC when the pH of PPDW was higher than 7.0.Adding PSBF as a PAC aid improved the color,CODCr and turbidity removals,but the elimination efficiencies were slightly lower than those of the PAC + PAM system.However,when PSBF was used as a flocculant to treat the effluent of the PAC system (PAC → PSBF),the effluent qualities were enhanced.Compared with the PAC system,the color and CODCr removals of PAC → PSBF system increased by 16.21％ and 13.26％,respectively.The excitation and emission matrix fluorescence results indicated that PSBF removed tryptophan-like pollutants more efficiently than PAC.Considering the pH requirements of the subsequent bioreactor treatment in practice,the PAC → PSBF system were also investigated at the PPDW pH level of 7.0.Its maximum removal efficiencies of color,CODCr and turbidity were 90.17％,32.60％ and 82.50％,respectively.