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肿瘤干细胞学说的提出为认识肿瘤的发生、发展提供了新的思路,肿瘤干细胞因其特殊的生物学特性在肿瘤的防治过程中起着决定性作用。目前,包括血液系统肿瘤和诸多常见实体恶性肿瘤中均分离鉴定出肿瘤干细胞,验证完善了肿瘤干细胞学说,同时也为临床肿瘤治疗提供了理论依据。临床上针对肿瘤干细胞的靶向治疗已有开展,主要通过造血干细胞移植支持下的大剂量化疗,重建造血与免疫,提高患者化疗耐受性;阻断特异信号转导通路,抑制特有耐药蛋白增强肿瘤对化疗的敏感性,提高化疗疗效;同时调节细胞周期,逆转异常抗凋亡,打破肿瘤的恶性消长规律,杀伤静止、耐药、逃逸的肿瘤干细胞,从而从根本上消减肿瘤细胞,为降低肿瘤复发,提高生存率提供了希望。
The proposal of cancer stem cell theory provides a new idea for understanding the occurrence and development of tumor. Because of its special biological characteristics, tumor stem cells play a decisive role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. At present, tumor stem cells are isolated and identified in both hematological malignancies and many common solid malignancies, which has perfected the theory of cancer stem cells and provided a theoretical basis for the treatment of clinical tumors. Targeted therapies targeting cancer stem cells have been developed clinically, mainly through high-dose chemotherapy with the support of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, to reconstruct hematopoietic and immune responses and to improve the chemotherapeutic tolerance of patients; to block specific signal transduction pathways and to inhibit specific resistance proteins Enhance the sensitivity of tumor to chemotherapy and improve the curative effect of chemotherapy; at the same time, regulate the cell cycle, reverse the abnormal anti-apoptosis, destroy the malignant growth and decline of tumor, kill the resting, resistant and escaping cancer stem cells, Reduce tumor recurrence, improve survival rate provided hope.