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目的研究沙漠干热环境下不同程度中暑大鼠血常规及肠黏膜的病理学变化。方法将SPF级SD雄性大鼠48只,随机分为常温对照组(NC组)、轻度中暑组(LHS组)、中度中暑组(MHS组)、重度中暑组(SHS组)。置于“西北特殊环境人工实验舱”模拟的沙漠干热环境温度(41±0.5)℃,湿度(10±2)%RH,禁食禁水。分别于(50±5)min、(100±5)min、(150±5)min造成大鼠轻、中、重度中暑模型后,立即用3%戊巴比妥钠腹腔深度麻醉处死,留取静脉血及回、结肠组织标本,进行血常规检测和病理学观察评分。结果大鼠随中暑程度的加深,白细胞数逐渐增加,SHS组白细胞数较其它各组增加明显(P<0.05);红细胞数、红细胞压积MHS组较NC组、LHS组增加明显,SHS组较其它各组增加明显(P<0.05);MHS组血小板数较NC组、SHS组增加明显(P<0.05)。MHS组、SHS组回肠和结肠病理学损伤评分随中暑程度的加深显著增加(P<0.05);MHS组、SHS组内回肠病理学损伤评分高于结肠(P<0.05)。结论沙漠干热环境造成中暑大鼠白细胞数、红细胞数、红细胞压积升高,血小板数呈现先升高后降低的趋势,肠黏膜病理学变化随中暑程度的加深而进行性加重,其中回肠较结肠病理学损伤更为严重,提示预防沙漠干热环境中暑对小肠黏膜的保护尤为重要,而血小板数降低可能是反应重度中暑的重要指标之一。
Objective To study the pathological changes of blood and intestinal mucosa in rats with heat stroke at different degrees under dry and hot desert environment. Methods Forty-eight SPF SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (NC group), mild heat stroke group (LHS group), moderate heat stroke group (MHS group) and severe heat stroke group (SHS group). It was placed in a dry desert heat environment temperature (41 ± 0.5) ℃ and humidity (10 ± 2)% RH simulated by “Northwest Special Environmental Artificial Laboratory”. The models of mild, moderate and severe heat stroke were induced at (50 ± 5) min, (100 ± 5) min and (150 ± 5) min, respectively, and then immediately sacrificed by intraperitoneal anesthesia with 3% pentobarbital sodium Venous blood and back, colon tissue samples, blood tests and pathological observation score. Results Compared with other groups, the number of white blood cells in SHS group increased significantly (P <0.05), and the number of red blood cells and hematocrit increased significantly in MHS group compared with NC group and LHS group The other groups increased significantly (P <0.05). The number of platelets in MHS group was significantly higher than that in NC group and SHS group (P <0.05). The score of ileum and colon pathological injury in MHS group and SHS group increased significantly with the degree of heat stroke (P <0.05). The score of ileum pathological injury in MHS group and SHS group was higher than that of colon (P <0.05). Conclusion The number of white blood cells, erythrocytes and hematocrit in heat stroke rats caused by heat and dry environment in the desert are increased. The number of platelets increases first and then decreases. The pathological changes of intestinal mucosa progressively worsen with the deepening of heat stroke. Colonic pathology damage is more serious, suggesting that the prevention of heat stroke in the desert heat stroke is particularly important for the protection of small intestinal mucosa, and reduce the number of platelets may be one of the important indicators of severe heat stroke.