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近年来,由于临床上广泛开展了眼底荧光素血管造影术,以及眼电图、电镜、免疫检测、组织培养等新技术的应用,对视网膜色素上皮有了一些新的认识。现参阅部份资料作一简要综述。 (一)视网膜色素上皮(以下简称RPE)的构造与功能 RPE是由一层形态规则,排列整齐的六面柱体细胞构成,细胞直径约12～18微米,高8～10微米,分布在黄斑区者较高(11～14微米)较细,因此见眼底黄斑部之色调较暗;在近锯齿缘处细胞变大且不规则。核呈元形或卵元形,偏于细胞的外侧端。细胞质内有大量称为脂褐质(lipofuscin)的色素,在电镜下可看到呈1.5微米长的针状结晶。细胞内有线粒体、光滑和粗糙的内质网、游离的核糖体、溶酶体等,并有吞噬杆体
In recent years, due to the clinical development of fundus fluorescein angiography, as well as the application of new technologies such as electro-oculography, electron microscopy, immunoassay, tissue culture and so on, has some new understanding of retinal pigment epithelium. Now refer to some of the information for a brief overview. (A) the structure and function of retinal pigment epithelium (hereinafter referred to as RPE) RPE is a layer of regular rules, arranged in a hexagonal columnar cells, the diameter of about 12 to 18 microns, 8 to 10 microns high, located in the macula The area is higher (11-14 microns) thinner, so see the dark color of the fundus darker eyes; near the jagged cells become larger and irregular. The nucleus was metazoan or oval-shaped, biased to the lateral end of the cell. There are a large number of pigments called lipofuscin in the cytoplasm, and 1.5 μm long needle-like crystals can be seen under electron microscopy. Cells within the mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, lysosomes, and phagocytic rods