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1986年由詹姆斯.克利福德和乔治.马库斯合编的《写文化》一书对“殖民主义”之前的民族志进行了系统的批判,认为“最简单的文化描述也是有目的的创造,阐释者不断地通过他们研究的他者来建构自己。”由于民族志本身也是一种文化描述的手段,因此“打造民族志是一件手艺活儿,与写作的世俗之事有关。”经引述马林诺斯基和康拉德“文化写本”的异同,指出反思人类学过于多愁善感和自我专注(self-absorption)的批判情结,认为对文本的反思和批判应该建立在经验的基础之上。
The “Writing Culture”, edited by James Clifford and George Marcus in 1986, systematically criticized the ethnography before “Colonialism” as “the simplest cultural description The purpose of creation, the interpreter constantly through their study of others to build their own. ”“ Because ethnography itself is also a means of cultural description, so ”to create ethnography is a craft work, and the writing of the secular "After quoting the similarities and differences between Malinowski and Conrad, it is pointed out that the reflection on anthropology is too sentimental and self-absorbed, and the reflection and criticism of the text It should be based on experience.